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Biology Major Field Test Bank Questions with 100% Correct Answers Updated

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Biology Major Field Test Bank Questions with 100% Correct Answers Updated In DNA replication, the leading strand requires only one primer and can then be synthesized continuously while the lagging strand requires many primers and is synthesized in discrete sections called _____________ _______...

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Biology Major Field Test Bank Questions
with 100% Correct Answers Updated
2024-2025
In DNA replication, the leading strand requires only one primer and can then be
synthesized continuously while the lagging strand requires many primers and is
synthesized in discrete sections called _____________ ____________ - Answer ✔
Okazaki fragments

The ends of chromosomes are called ________ and they contain a high G-C content to
prevent DNA unraveling - Answer ✔ Telomeres

Promoters are within 25 base pairs of the transcription ______ site - Answer ✔ Start

The _______ germ layer led to the future formation of nervous system, epidermis, lens
of eye, inner ear - Answer ✔ Ectoderm

The ______ germ layer led to the future formation of lungs, liver, pancreas, and lining of
the digestive tract - Answer ✔ Endoderm

The ________ germ layer led to the future formation of muscles, skeleton, circulatory
system, gonads, and kidneys - Answer ✔ Mesoderm

T or F: Gram positive bacteria have large quantities of peptidoglycan in the cell wall
while gram negative bacteria have much smaller quantities of peptidoglycan with
lipopolysaccharides - Answer ✔ True

At resting potential in a neuron, 2 NA+ are pumped out for every 2 _____+ pumped in -
Answer ✔ K - Potassium

The depolarization of a neuron occurs when NA+ rushes into an axon while the
repolarization occurs when K+ rushes _______ of an axon - Answer ✔ Out

The lysogenic cycle occurs when the virus enters into the host genome; in the _______
cycle occurs when the virus kills the host cell - Answer ✔ Lytic

The law of segregation states that homologous alleles (chromosomes) separate so that
each gamete has _____ copy of each gene - Answer ✔ One

The law of independent assortment states that alleles of unlinked genes assort
independently in _________ - Answer ✔ Meiosis

,Newton's first law states that a body in motion or rest will remain in that states unless
acted upon by another ________ - Answer ✔ Force

Humoral immunity is activated by B-cells while Cell-mediated immunity is centered on
the functions of _________ - Answer ✔ T-cells

__________ is the proportion of a population with a given genotype who expresses the
phenotype - Answer ✔ Penetrance

__________ refers to the varying phenotypic manifestations of a given genotype -
Answer ✔ Expressivity

__________ evolution occurs when two species sharing a common ancestor become
more different - Answer ✔ Divergent

_____________ evolution occurs when two species SHARING a common ancestor
evolve in similar ways due to analogous selection pressures; ___________ evolution
occurs when two species NOT SHARING a recent ancestor evolve to become more
similar due to analogous selection pressure - Answer ✔ Convergent ; Parallel

Which of the following cells are typically necessary for the production of a maximal
humoral response upon initial exposure to a protein antigen?
A) B lymphocytes only
B) T lymphocytes only
C) B lymphocytes and dendritic cells
D) B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and dendritic cells - Answer ✔ D) B & T lymphocytes
and dendritic cells

How do cyanobacteria differ from green unicellular algae because cyanobacteria has no
______ - Answer ✔ nuclei

During double fertilization in flowering plants, one sperm unites with an egg to yield a
zygote while another sperm unites with the polar nuclei to form an ________ - Answer
✔ Endosperm

According to the pressure-flow model of movement of phloem contents, photosynthate
movement from source to sink is driven by ________________ - Answer ✔ A water-
pressure potential gradient

Arthropods have all the following characteristics EXCEPT:
a) bilateral symmetry
b) amniotic egg
c) three embryonic tissue layers
d) protostome development

, e) segmentation - Answer ✔ b) Amniotic egg

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of echinoderms?
a) water vascular system
b) pentaradial symmetry
c) bilaterally symmetrical larvae
d) cephalization in the adult - Answer ✔ d) cephalization in the adult

What is the order of animal clades from earliest to most recent origin: - Answer ✔
Bilaterians - Deuterostomes - Vertebrates - Tetrapods - Amniotes

All of the following are classified as protostomes EXCEPT:
a) segmented worms
b) spiders
c) echinoderms
d) mollusks
e) insects - Answer ✔ echinoderms

Adaptive vs. Innate Immune Response - Answer ✔ Adaptive -
"specific response"
Has immunological memory
Later response (3-7 days)
Uses B and T cells
Effectiveness increases with exposure

Innate-
"nonspecific response"
1st line of defense
Response within 12 hours
Lacks immunological memory

Mutualism - Answer ✔ Benefit to both partners
Normally partners cannot live seperately

Cooperation - Answer ✔ A beneficial but not obligate form of symbiosis

Commensalism - Answer ✔ One partner benefits, the other is neither helped or harmed

Ammensalism - Answer ✔ The negative impact of one organism on another due to
release of specific compounds

If a pathogen can be transmitted via direct contact it is ______ virulent compare to
another pathogen that is vector-borne. - Answer ✔ Less virulent

Toxin - Answer ✔ Specific substance that alters the normal metabolism of the host cell

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