NUR 201 Exam #1 Questions And Answers
Florence Nightingale - ANS "The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him
in his recovery" Also, this person was the first person to ever observe that dirty areas
contaminated people. First nurse scientist.
Virginia Henderson - ANS "The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick
or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful
death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge, and
to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible." First to apply
nursing to sick and healthy people.
American Nurses Association - ANS "Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization
of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the
diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families,
communities, and populations."
What is nursing? - ANS Based on theory and clinical practice
Focus is on response of the individual and family to actual or potential health problems
Attuned to the whole person, not just the presenting health problem
Autonomy in decision making
Profession has code of ethics for practice
Common themes of nursing - ANS Caring, an art, a science, client centered, holistic,
adaptive, concerned with health promotion/maintenance/restoration, and it's a helping
profession.
Recipients of nursing care - ANS Patient - someone who is unactive in their care, "to suffer
or bare"
Client - someone who actively participates in their care
Consumer - somebody who buys a healthcare service
Scopes of nursing - ANS Caring for the dying, restoring health, preventing illness, and
promoting health/wellness
Nurse Practice Acts - ANS Legal acts that regulate the practice of nursing in the US and
Canada
Each state has its own
Purpose is to protect the public
Nurses are responsible for knowing and complying with their state's practice act as it governs
their practice
,Standards of Nursing Practice - ANS Describe responsibilites for which nurses are
accountable
Generic; use nursing process as foundation
Provide for practice of nursing regardless of area of specialization
Specialty organizations may develop specific standards for their area
Standards of Professional Performance - ANS Quality of care, Performance appraisal,
continuing education, collegiality, ethics, collaboration, research, and resource utilization
Nursing as a profession is distinguished by: - ANS Prolonged specialized training to
acquire body of knowledge pertinent to role, orientation of individual towards service, ongoing
research, code of ethics, autonomy, and professional organization
Roles of the nurse - ANS Caregiver, educator, communicator, client advocate, counselor,
change agent, leader, and manager
Sources of nursing knowledge - ANS Tradition, authoritative, clinical experience, trial and
error, intuition, logical reasoning, and scientific research.
Why use evidence based nursing practice? - ANS Patients who receive care based on the
best and latest evidence from well designed studies experience 28% better outcomes. There
are also higher levels of satisfaction.
Evidence based practice - ANS Incorporates the best available clinical evidence, individual
clinical expertise, and patient's values/preferences
5 steps of evidence based practice - ANS 1. Ask the burning clinical question
2. Collect the most relevant and best evidence
3. Critically appraise the evidence
4. Integrate all evidence with one's clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in making
a practice decision or change.
5. Evaluate the practice decision or change. Share the outcomes of EBP changes with others.
Iowa Model - PICO Question - ANS P - the Patient population
I - the potential Intervention or issue
C - the comparison of interest
O - the desired Outcome
The professional organization that guides nursing practice in the US - ANS ANA
The term client, used by nurses, refers to a person who: - ANS Participates actively in
his/her care
, A nurse wonders why some surgical wounds heal better than others in clients who are the same
age. This is an example of: - ANS A clinical question
The foundation of all nursing care is the _____________, a close and helping relationship
based on ___________. - ANS Therapeutic relationship, trust
Therapeutic relationships promote a psychological climate that facilitates ___________ and
_____________. - ANS positive change, growth
Goals of the therapeutic relationship - ANS Achieve optimal personal growth related to
personal identity
Ability to form relationships
Ability to satisfy needs
Achieve personal goals
Requirements for a Successful Therapeutic Relationship - ANS Interpersonal skills,
personal insight, accountability, mutual respect, and supportive working milieu
Values - ANS a personal belief about the worth of a given idea, attitude, custom or object
that sets standards that influence behavior
How would you define values? - ANS Values guide action by sanctioning certain behaviors
and disavowing others. Values evolve, they are not static.
How can we assist individuals to clarify their values? - ANS Identify the individual's values,
use reflection to restate the value and make it explicit, and identify value conflicts
Self-concept - ANS a mental picture of the self - a composite view of personal
characteristics, abilities, limitations, and aspirations. Self concept evolves
Self esteem - ANS refers to how individuals feel about the way that they see themselves.
Self esteem is learned through experience.
Therapeutic use of self - ANS The application of one's cognitions, perceptions, and
behaviors to create interpersonal encounters that promote health in another person, family,
group, or community.
3 theories on the TR - ANS Peplau, King, Travelbee
All the theories on the TR agree that: - ANS knowing the patient is essential before nursing
interventions can occur or be successful and that it is a helping relationship
