,1. Which of the following medications is considered
contraindicated in patients with heart failure due to its
potential for exacerbating fluid retention?
A. Amlodipine
B. Metoprolol
C. Naproxen
D. Lisinopril
Correct Answer: C. Naproxen
Rationale: Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drug (NSAID) that can cause sodium and water retention,
thus worsening heart failure.
2. In pharmacokinetics, which phase describes the
transformation of a drug into an active or inactive
metabolite?
A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Metabolism
D. Excretion
Correct Answer: C. Metabolism
Rationale: Metabolism is the chemical modification
made by an organism on a chemical compound, primarily
occurring in the liver.
, Rationale: Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor (SSRI), can increase serotonin levels significantly,
thus increasing the risk of serotonin syndrome.
4. Which of the following statements about
pharmacogenomics is TRUE?
A. It studies how genetic variation affects drug responses.
B. It is only relevant for oncology drugs.
C. It has no impact on drug formulation.
D. It is only applicable in pediatrics.
Correct Answer: A. It studies how genetic variation
affects drug responses.
Rationale: Pharmacogenomics explores how genes
affect individual responses to drugs, influencing
effectiveness and safety.
5. What is the main mechanism of action for beta-
adrenergic blockers?
A. Calcium channel inhibition
B. Decreased cyclic AMP levels
C. Inhibition of acetylcholine receptors
D. Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors
Correct Answer: D. Blockade of beta-adrenergic
receptors
Rationale: Beta-adrenergic blockers work by blocking
the action of catecholamines on beta receptors, decreasing
heart rate and contractility.
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