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Describe what happens when two tectonic plates collide along a subduction zone. correct answers One plates moves under another and sinks into Earth's mantle. A trench may be formed Explain how subduction leads to volcanic activity correct answers One plate is pushed down and melted as molten mat...

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  • September 25, 2024
  • 24
  • 2024/2025
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APES PACKET REVIEW || ALL CORRECT.
Describe what happens when two tectonic plates collide along a subduction zone. correct
answers One plates moves under another and sinks into Earth's mantle. A trench may be formed

Explain how subduction leads to volcanic activity correct answers One plate is pushed down and
melted as molten material/ magma rises to the surface near the zone

What areas exhibit island arcs correct answers Coast of Asia (Philippines, Ryukyu, Japan, Kuril,
and Aleutian)

What areas exhibit a growing nonvolcanic mountain chain due to uplift correct answers The
Rockies (North America), The Andes (South America), The Alps (Europe), and The Himalayas
(Asia)

What area represents where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary correct
answers Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Southwest Indian Ridge, Central Indian Ridge, Southeast Indian
Ridge, Pacific Antarctic Ridge, East Pacific Ridge, and Juan de Fuca Ridge (near Canada and
California)

What causes seasons to change in temperate zones correct answers The tilt of the Earth causes
summer sun to become more direct in the Northern hemisphere during summer months leading
to warmer temperatures. In the winter, the sun is more indirect as the Earth's tilt points away.
The opposite is true in the Southern Hemisphere where warmest temperatures are in Dec.

Describe how solar insolation affects wind currents and precipitation patterns correct answers
Direct sun warms the air, causing it to rise. As it rises, the altitude causes the temperature to fall.
The cooler air becomes more dense forming condensation and eventually precipitation. The cold,
dry air will sink; creating a convection current.

Where is the equator? correct answers 0 degrees latitude

Where is the Arctic Circle? correct answers 66.5 degrees North

Where is the Antarctic Circle? correct answers 66.5 degrees South

Where is the Tropic of Cancer? correct answers 23.5 degrees North

Where is the Tropic of Capricorn? correct answers 23.5 degrees south

Where is the Northern Hemisphere? correct answers North of the equator

Where is the Southern Hemisphere? correct answers south of the equator

Describe the earths atmosphere related to altitude and temperature correct answers Troposphere:
At first Temperature decreases as Altitude increases

,Stratosphere: Then temperature increases as altitude increases
Mesosphere: Temperature decreases as Altitude increases
Thermosphere- Exosphere: Temperature increases

What are the layers of the atmosphere? correct answers troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere,
thermosphere and exosphere

Where does the greenhouse effect occur correct answers Troposphere

Where is the ozone layer? correct answers Stratosphere

Rainshadow correct answers dry region on side of mountain that is sheltered from wind
1. Moist warm air blows onshore
2. As air rises over mountain it cools causing moisture to condense and fall as precipitation
3. Dry air descends and warns promoting evaporation

What is the Corilois Effect? How does solar intensity and atmospheric convection currents
influence the location of the major biomes? correct answers As air rises and condenses, it causes
precipitation leading to forested regions (trees require more water so you find them in regions
with higher precipitation. Deserts typically form at 30 degrees because the dry air sinks there and
little water is available to support plant life. This repeats itself with rain at 60 and dry biomes at
90. The temperature is influenced by direct sun so it's hot at the equator and colder at the poles.

Describe how the ocean currents, temperature and gas concentrations are directly related to those
of the atmosphere correct answers Convection currents form in the ocean just as they do with the
atmosphere. Warmer water rises (upwelling) and cold water sinks creating currents. Salt in the
water makes it more dense, similar to temperature. Cold arctic regions draw large quantities of
CO2 from the atmosphere and draws it down to deep ocean. Therefore, CO2 is highest
concentration within sinking currents.

The acronym ENSO refers to _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________,
which occurs in the _____________ ocean. correct answers el nino southern oscillation;
Tropical eastern pacific

Explain what an El Niño event is and why it's significant correct answers Normal conditions:
northward flowing currents bring cold water from the Southern Pacific up to South America's
tropical west coast. Upwelling occurs along coast of Peru. Along the equator trade winds cause
the upwellings to draw deeper ocean water to the surface to cool leading to warmer sea surface in
the western Pacific compared to the Eastern Pacific.
ElNino: Pressure systems shift leading to little to no upwellings. The cold water weakens or
disappears completely causing warm water in Central and Eastern Pacific as well as in the west;
leading to more rainfall events.

What percent of the earth is covered with water? What percent of this is salt water? Frozen?
Available and relatively accessible? correct answers 71% - covered with water
96.5% - saltwater

, 1.7% - frozen
2.5% - available

Explain what evapotranspiration is and why it's significant correct answers Evaporation of water
off plants. This water is an important source of water to determine climate.

Explain what a watershed is and why it is significant correct answers watershed includes all the
area of land water travels across on its way to a body of water. It can move via
percolation/infiltration and/or surface runoff. The route the water takes determines the water
quality. Surface runoff tends to pick up more sediment, nutrients and pollution depending on the
land use. The more development and impervious surfaces (paved land) creates more pollution
and runoff, typically. The more infiltration and percolation leads to cleaner water since the
ground/rock can filter it. This is more common in natural settings, especially those with plants.

What surface and ground water issues occur at the Colorado river basin correct answers lack of
water; The Colorado river basin has many dams and irrigation canals that draw water from the
river. This creates water shortages and even prevents the river from reaching the ocean. Since the
Colorado river moves through arid portions of the country, there is greater pressures for water
rights and use.

What surface and ground water issues occur at The Ogallala aquifer correct answers In the
Midwest; Large aquifer spans many Midwestern states within the breadbasket. The water from
the aquifer is being withdrawn faster than it can recharge- causes subsidence (collapse of
land/sink holes) and water shortages.

What surface and ground water issues occur at The Aral Sea correct answers Large sea in the
middle east that supported a huge fishing industry until the 1960s. In the arid region, farmers
began to grow cotton monocultures that overdrew large amounts of water from the sea for
irrigation leading to salinization. Today the sea is only 10% of its original size; biodiversity is
low- food webs have crashed- and diseases in the region are rampant due to lack of freshwater
and food security

Why is freshwater considered an eco-service? An economic service? A global security issue? A
natural capital? correct answers Ecosystem service- Include all the benefits humans gain from
healthy ecosystems- ecosystem services are
food production, water security, control of climate and disease and nutrients available for food.
They are benefits the environment gives us for survival. Freshwater is essential for all living
organisms making it an ecosystem service.
Economic service- economic services are resources from the environment that humans can use
for business; to make money. Some water sources are commons but many have private rights
and/or are bottled for sale or economically support industry such as hydroelectric dams,
irrigation canals or reservoirs.
Global security issue- Water is unevenly distributed throughout the world. Some locations have
it in excess and others have too little. Many arid countries; especially those with high rates of
poverty have poor water security. The water may be contaminated with pathogens and/or too far
or too limited to support the population.

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