HEED 1000 Chapter 1: An Invitation to Health and Wellness
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What is the First Nations perspective on Health and Wellness? correct answers There is an
emphasis on the interconnectedness between the physical and spiritual world, between
individuals and their environment, and between the mind, body, and spirit.
How do the First Nations visually depict their perspective on Health and Wellness? correct
answers Center Circle: reminds us wellness begins with taking responsibility for OUR OWN
health and wellness.
Second: encourages us to balance mental, emotional, spiritual, and physical aspects of wellness.
Third: links the values of respect, wisdom, responsibility, and relationships.
Fourth: portrays where we come from and who we are surrounded by - land, community, family,
and nations.
Fifth: represents the important influences of the social, cultural, economic, and environmental
determinants of health and well-being.
Outer: illustrates children, families, elders, and people in all communities standing together, with
respect for one another, building relationships.
What is the WHO (World Health Organization) perspective on Health, as many Canadians know
it today? correct answers Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What is the Health Field Concept (aka: Lalonde Report. 1974)? What is it's significance? correct
answers Includes four main elements:
Human biology, environment, lifestyle, healthcare organizations.
This report was influential in persuading medical leaders to rethink current medical practices
based on treatment-focused medicine and acknowledge that vast sums of money were also being
used to treat diseases that could have been prevented.
What was the purpose of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion in 1986? correct answers To
help build healthy public policy through HEALTH PROMOTION: which is the process of
enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. To reach a state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being, an individual/group must be able to identify and realize
aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.
Health, therefore is seen as a RESOURCE for everyday life, NOT the objective of living. Health
is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.
Identify and describe the THREE national health challenges and the THREE mechanisms to
health promotion. correct answers Challenges:
1. Reducing inequities
2. Increasing the prevention effort
3. Enhancing people's capacity to cope.
Mechanisms:
1. Self-care: the decisions and actions individuals take in the interest of their own health.
, 2. Mutual Aid: the actions people take to help each other cope.
3. Healthy environments: The creation of conditions and surroundings conducive to health.
What is the Health Belief Model (Hochbaum, 1950) and its significance? correct answers This
model was developed to help explain and predict health behaviour. This model considers social,
ecological, and environmental factors that can influence our behaviour.
What is the Precede-Proceed Model for Health Program Planning and Evaluation and its
purpose?
(Graph on Pg. 6) correct answers Its purpose is to provide a guide to improving our health
through a socio-ecological approach. The authors of this model encourage us to think about our
own individual health behaviours and choices within the environment we live in. They also
encourage health experts and planners to support a population health approach and improve
conditions at a community level that will support individual behaviour change.
What is the Quality of Life Model and its purpose? (Chart on Pg. 7) correct answers Developed
as a helpful tool for individuals or communities wanting to enhance their health and well-being.
Quality of Life is MEASURED as the degree to which a person enjoys the important possibilities
of his/her life.
The model consists of THREE life domains with each domain having THREE sub-domains:
1. Being
2. Belonging
3. Becoming
Describe the first life domain 'Being' and its sub-domains. correct answers Refers to 'who one
is'...
1. Physical Being: physical health, hygiene, nutrition, etc...
2. Psychological Being: psychological health. cognitions, feelings, etc...
3. Spiritual Being: personal values, spiritual beliefs, etc...
Describe the second life domain 'Belonging' and its sub-domains. correct answers Refers to
'connections with one's environments'...
1. Physical Belonging: home, workplace, etc...
2. Social Belonging: intimate others, friends, etc...
3. Community Belonging: adequate income, employment, educational programs, etc...
Describe the third life domain 'Becoming' and its sub-domains. correct answers Refers to
'achieving personal goals, hopes, and aspirations'...
1. Practical Becoming: domestic activities. paid work, school activities, etc...
2. Leisure Becoming: activities that promote relaxations and stress reduction.
3. Growth Becoming: activities that promote the maintenance or improvement of knowledge and
skills, adapting to change.
What is Wellness? correct answers Wellness can be defined as purposeful enjoyable living or,
more specifically, a deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and
optimal enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual health.
