stroke volume is affected by - preload, afterload, contractility
s4 heart tone - indicative of stiff or noncompliant ventricle, like with an old MI
s3 heart tone - ventricle stretch due to fluid overload
right coronary artery is typically repaired by using - saphenous vein
dresslers sign - pericarditis from recent MI or cardiac surgery
alpha 1 stimulation results in - increased SVR/vasoconstriction
beta 1 stimulation results in - increased HR, contractility
janeway lesions and osler nodes are indicative of - endocarditis
elevated BNP signals - increased stretching of ventricles. found in CHF
where should a cardiac transducer be placed? - phlebostatic axis (4th intercostal space
midaxillary)
what does the dicrotic notch symbolize? - aortic valve closing
saline from ART line should infuse at what rate - 3ml/hr
normal central venous pressure (CVP) - 2-6
when utilizing a swan ganz catheter, never exceed ____mL of air in distal balloon - 1.5
coronary perfusion pressure calculation - PAWP-DBP (should be 50-60)
PAWP range - 8-12
PVR range - 50-250
PA pressure - 15-25 systolic, 8-15 diastolic
SVR range - 800-1200
what does PVR signify - right heart afterload, pulmonary vascular resistance
what is PCWP - same as pAWP
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