NUR 425 Critical Care Exam 2 Final Test
Questions And 100% Accurate Answers.
Normal vital signs in adults - Answer BP→ 120/80
HR→ 60-100
RR→ 12-20
Temp→ 36.5-37.5
O2→ > 95%
Normal MAP in adults - Answer 70-105 mmHg
Normal PEEP setting (usually 5cmH20- anything higher than 10cmH20 is considered "high") - Answer
PEEP is set to 5 no matter what
ICP (and be able to define increased ICP) - Answer -High ICP> 20>5 mins
-Normal→ 5-15 mmHg
CPP (be able to calculate CPP) - Answer MAP-ICP=CPP
Normal CPP→ 60-100 mmHg
PaO2/FiO2 ratio - Answer less than 200 mmHg is ARDS (300-200 mild; 200-100 moderate; <100 severe)
SaO2 - Answer >95%
ABG values - Answer PaO2→ 80-100 mmHg
PaCO2→ 35-45 mmHg
HCO3→ 22-26 mEq/L
pH→ 7.35-7.45
,Tidal Volume - Answer every breath a person takes and how much volume of air they are inspiring
Apnea - Answer absence of breathing
Ataxic breathing - Answer completely irregular with some breaths deep and some shallow; random,
irregular pauses, slow rate
s/s of neuro issue
Cheyne stokes - Answer cycles of hyperventilation and apnea
s/s of cardio and/or neuro issue
Kussmaul breathing (CNS Hyperventilation) - Answer sustained, regular rapid and deep breathing
s/s of metabolic acidosis
Thiazide Diuretics (effect on ABGs) - Answer -Lower BP
-Causes hypokalemia
-Reduces preload
-Assess BP, BMP, BUN/Cr
-Metabolic alkalosis
Sodium Bicarbonate (effect on ABGs) - Answer -Corrects acidotic states
-Adv rxns: tetany, seizures, cardiac arrest, alkalotic states
-Assess RR, HR, rhythm and depth, lung sounds
Corticosteroids (the general drug category & their use for respiratory and ICP issues) - Answer -Dec
inflamm and cap perm
, -Adv rxns: ecchymosis, atrophy, skin thinning
-Watch for hyperglycemia in DM pts
-Assess: VS, BMP, I&O
Norepinephrine - Answer -Inc BP and CO in shock states or HOTN states
-Adv rxns: anaphylaxis, cerebral hemorrhage, necrosis, headache, N/V
-Assess I&O, BP, ECG
Mannitol - Answer -Osmotic diuretic for ICP
-PIV or CL (must have filter)
-Osmolarity 6 hr labs, essentially tells kidneys to get rid of all water in the body
-Can cross the blood-brain barrier (not as much data to support this unless it is an emergent situation)
-Adv rxns: tachycardia, HF, N/V
-Assess: I&O, VS, BP, BUN/Cr, BMP (hypokalemia)
3% NaCl - Answer -Hypertonic solution for cerebral edema
-3% cont or intermittent PIV;
-Supposed to pull fluid from brain in theory,
-Q6 sodium levels (more data to support this intervention for ICP and is more often seen)
-Assess: I&O, VS, BP, BUN/Cr, BMP (hypokalemia)
0.45% NaCl ("1/2 normal saline") - Answer -Hypotonic solution
-Assess: I&O, VS, BP, BUN/Cr, BMP
-Used for hypovolemia and hypernatremia
Fentanyl - Answer -Opioid analgesic
-Watch for respiratory depression
-Has sedative effects
-Assess VS, I&O, BP, BUN/Cr, RR
