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PSYC3500 Exam 2024_2025 fully solved & updated

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PSYC3500 Exam 2024/2025 fully solved &
updated

Health psychology is mainly interested in what four things? - ANSWER-- Health
promotion and maintenance
- Illness prevention and treatment
- Identifying aetiologic and diagnostic illness/health correlates
- Improvement of health care system and policy

How is health different for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals? -
ANSWER-Health = social, emotional and cultural wellbeing of the community.
Health of land plays important role in individual health.

What is the goal of health psychology with regards to the illness/wellness
continuum? - ANSWER-To shift the average higher.

Briefly describe the biopsychosocial model. - ANSWER-- Interaction between
biological, psychological and social factors determines current and future health
status.
- Mind and body are indistinguishable.
- Macro and micro level processes influence health.
- Health continuum.
- Patient-centred, collaborative approach.

What is epidemiology? - ANSWER-Study of the frequency/distribution/cause of
disease in populations based on investigation of the physical/social environment.

What is morbidity? - ANSWER-Cases of disease existing at a given point in time.

,What is the difference between incidence and prevalence? - ANSWER-Incidence -
new cases of a disease
Prevalence - total number of existing cases

What is mortality? - ANSWER-Number of deaths due to a particular cause.

What is relative risk? - ANSWER-Risk of event relative to exposure.
Cirrhosis in heavy drinkers (10%) vs non-heavy drinkers (1%).
RR = 10.

What is an odds ratio? - ANSWER-Odds of an event occurring in one group vs the
odds of it occurring in another group.

What does prevalence rate depend on? - ANSWER-Incidence rate and duration.

What is a ratio? - ANSWER-Value obtained by dividing one quantity by another.
Number of still births per 1000 live births.

What is a proportion? - ANSWER-Special kind of ratio.
Numerator is included in the denominator.
Proportion of total deaths due to heart disease.

What is rate? - ANSWER-Frequency an event occurs within a defined population
over a specified period of time.
Allows for meaningful comparison.

What is a DALY? - ANSWER-Disability adjusted life year.

What does 1 DALY equal? - ANSWER-One year of healthy life lost due to
disease/injury.

Why are DALY's important? - ANSWER-- Allows appropriate weight to be given to
health problems that cause significant disability but not death.
- Health resource allocation.

Over a 20 year period, which diseases have increased in prevalence? Which have
decreased? - ANSWER-Increase:
- Type II diabetes
- Dementia
Decrease:
- Stroke

,- Coronary heart disease

What are two key subgroups of the Australian population that experience health
inequality? - ANSWER-ATSI

Socioeconomically disadvantaged

Describe chronic diseases? - ANSWER-Prolonged, do not often resolve
spontaneously, and rarely cured completely.

More than half of the total disease/injury burden is attributable to what 5
conditions? - ANSWER-- Cardiovascular disease
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Cancer
- Musculo-skeletal conditions
- Diabetes

True or False: Chronic diseases are not preventable - ANSWER-False.

What are the major behavioural risk factors for chronic disease? - ANSWER-
SNAP.
Tobacco use
Unhealthy diet (poor nutrition)
Alcohol
Reduced physical activity.

SNAP factors contribute to what percentage (roughly) of the total disease
burden? - ANSWER-32%.

The National Health Prevention Strategy has 3 priority areas. What are they? -
ANSWER-Obesity
Alcohol
Tobacco

How many levels of prevention are there? - ANSWER-Three.

What is the primary level of prevention? - ANSWER-Preventing occurrence of
disease/illness.

What is the secondary level of prevention? - ANSWER-Preventing or slowing the
progress of a disease/illness.

, Reducing or eliminating the health problem before it causes significant health
consequences

What is the tertiary level of prevention? - ANSWER-Treating or managing existing
disease or illness to lessen its impact on the individual.

What levels of prevention are primarily used in Clinical Health Psychology
practices? - ANSWER-Secondary and tertiary.

What level of prevention is primarily used in Public/Promotion Health Psychology
practices? - ANSWER-Primary.
Health promotion, illness prevention.

What does Public/Promotion Health Psychology focus on? - ANSWER-- Cause,
not symptoms.
- Population and community, not individuals.
- Changing environmental/social determinants of health.

What are the underpinning principles of health promotion? - ANSWER-- Build
healthy public policy
- Create supportive environments
- Strengthen community action
- Re-orient health services

What are explanatory theories? - ANSWER-- Describe reasons a problem exists.
- Guide search for contributing factors that can be changed

What are change theories? - ANSWER-- Guide health intervention development.
- Identifies concepts that can translate into program messages and offers basis
for program evaluation.
- Helps to explicitly outline assumptions for why a program will work.

A useful theory makes assumptions about behaviour that are what? - ANSWER--
Logical
- Consistent with observations
- Similar to those used successfully in past programs
- Supported by past research in the same area.

Briefly describe the ecological perspective. - ANSWER-- Multi-level, interactive
approach.
- Emphasis on inter-dependence of factors within and across levels of illness.

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