SBIRT - Modules 1 & 2
SBIRT acronym - Answer- Screening
Brief Intervention
Referral to Treatment
Substance - Answer- refers to a wide array of different chemical substances, that
when ingested, injected or inhaled can cause "psychoactive effects" - physical and/or
psychological effects to the body
Major Psychoactive Substances - Answer- methamphetamine, tobacco, club drugs,
hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants, marijuana, cocaine, and prescriptions medication
Depressants
(3 categories of psychoactive substances) - Answer- Referred to as "downers" that
slow down the CNS to feel relaxed
Examples
- Alcohol
- Benzodiazepines (Valium, Xanax, Ativan)
- Opioids (Codeine, Heroin, Morphine, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone)
- Inhalants / Solvent (paint, glue, gases, nitrates)
- Barbiturates (Nembutal, Seconal)
- Marijuana (low doses)
Stimulants
(3 categories of psychoactive substances) - Answer- Referred to as "uppers" that
speed up the CNS to cause alertness and excitability
Examples
- Caffeine
- Nicotine
- Amphetamines (Adderall, Ritalin, Concerta)
- Methamphetamine
- Cocaine (coke)
- Club drugs: MDMA (ecstasy, Adam, Molly), GHB (liquid x)
Hallucinogens
(3 categories of psychoactive substances) - Answer- Referred to as "psychedelics"
that can cause euphoria with distorted perceptions of reality, awareness, and
emotions
Examples
- LSD (acid)
- Mescaline (peyote)
- Phencyclidine-PCP (angel dust), Ketamine (special K)
- Psilocybin (magic mushrooms)
- Marijuana (high doses)
, - Club drugs: MDMA (ecstasy, Adam, Molly), GHB (liquid x)
Depressant effects of alcohol - Answer- memory loss, impaired judgement
stroke
weak immune system
liver damage
trembling/numb hands or feet
inflammation of pancreas
risk of fetal alcohol syndrome
depression/anxiety
premature aging
heart failure
breast, throat, liver cancer
pain, ulcers & malnutrition
impaired sensation, tendency to fall
Stimulant effects of cocaine - Answer- Short-term effects:
Euphoric, energetic, talkative, alert, paranoia, restlessness, vertigo, and anxiety
Feelings of pleasure
Dilated pupils, seizures, headaches, stroke
Disturbed heart rhythm/heart attacks and constricted blood vessels
Nausea and abdominal pain
Long-term effects:
Decreased immune function
Lack of appetite and malnourishment
Tracks, allergic rxns
Severe bowl gangrene
Hepatitis or AIDS through shared needles
Psychosis, panic attakcs, irritability
Loss of smell, nose bleeds, problems swallowing
Loss of interest in sex, inability to function sexually
Marijuana can be a depressant of a hallucinogen - Effects on the Brain and Body -
Answer- Short Term Effects:
Pleasant euphoria and sense of relaxaton; altered sense of time/perception
Impaired rxn time and physical coordination
Increased appetite
High doses can cause acute psychosis, which includes hallucinations, delusions,
loss of sense of personal identity
Long Term Effects:
Impaired memory, attention, learning, judgment, and cognitive functions, lower IQ
Risk of schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and SUD
Sleep problems
Chronic bronchitis, airway inflammation, resistance, and lung hyperinflation
Reduces immune response
Increased HR
Impaired coordination and balance
