HSC310 Exam 2 Questions with All Correct Answers
Evolution of Hospitals in US: Stage 4 - Answer- -Advanced sanitation, nursing, and medical services
-Well-to-do, private-pay patients started using hospitals
-No longer dependent on charitable contributions as hospitals could generate a p...
Evolution of Hospitals in US: Stage 4 - Answer- -Advanced sanitation, nursing, and
medical services
-Well-to-do, private-pay patients started using hospitals
-No longer dependent on charitable contributions as hospitals could generate a profit
-Physician-owned hospitals laid the foundation of proprietary (for profit) hospitals in the
U.S.
Evolution of Hospitals in US: Stage 5 - Answer- -Many hospitals began university-based
medical school affiliations
-Research became an important adjunct to medical care
-Hospitals became complex organizations
-Hospital administration became a discipline in its own right
-Trained department managers became necessary
Evolution of Hospitals in US: Stage 6- Since the 1990s - Answer- -Market pressures
have prompted hospitals to merge or form affiliations
-Medical systems (or health systems) have formed in urban areas
o Include more than one hospital to serve a
large geographic area
o Provide a full array of health care services,
including outpatient clinics, same-day
surgery, outpatient imaging services,
outpatient rehabilitation therapies, home
health services, etc.
o Many include women's health centers and
fitness centers
What were reasons for the expansion of the numbers of hospitals (1872-1929)? (7) -
Answer- -Coincided with hospitals becoming centers of medical practice
,-Technology increased the volume of surgical work
-Professional nursing enhanced patient care
-Broad appeal once hospitals evolved into institutions of medical practice as a result of
technological advances and professional training of health care professionals
-Private health insurance
-Hill-Burton Act (Hospital Survey and Construction Act of 1946) - greatest impact on
hospital expansion
-Medicare and Medicaid (1965) - fueled demand for hospital services
How did managed care play a role in downsizing hospitals? - Answer- -Managed care
emphasized cost containment/reduced the growth in hospital expenditures and efficient
delivery of care through:
o Early discharge and transition to home health
care and skilled nursing care, if needed
o Outpatient services, when possible
Access measures - Answer- -Total number of patient discharges per 1,000 population
o Indicator of the level of access to hospital
inpatient services
(Discharges: total number of patients released from a hospital's acute care beds during
a given period, including those patients who die while in the hospital)
3 types of utilization measures - Answer- -Inpatient day (patient day or hospital day): a
night spent in the hospital by a patient
-Average length of stay (ALOS): average number of days a patient spends in the
hospital
-Days of care: total number of inpatient days incurred by a population over a given
period of time
o Days of care = Discharges × ALOS
Total number of patients released from a hospital's acute care beds during a given
period, including those patients who die while in the hospital - Answer- Discharges
(Utilization measure)
-Days of care = _______ × _______ - Answer- Discharges, ALOS (Average length of
stay)
, Average length of stay is highest in _______ owned hospitals from 2000-2013 -
Answer- Federally
Number of patients in a hospital on a given day or the number of beds occupied on a
given day - Answer- Census
Cumulative census over a given period of time - Answer- Patient days (or days of care)
A night spent in the hospital by a patient - Answer- Inpatient day
Average number of days a patient spends in the hospital - Answer- Average length of
stay (ALOS)
Indicator of the level of access to hospital inpatient services - Answer- Total number of
patient discharges per 1,000 population
Patient days in a given period ÷ days in that period - Answer- Average daily census
The number of beds set up, staffed, and made available by a hospital for inpatient use
· 84% of community hospitals in the United States have fewer than 300 beds - Answer-
Capacity
The percentage of capacity used during a given period of time (average daily census for
the period of time ÷ capacity) - Answer- Occupancy rate
What is the average number of beds in community hospitals? (2013) - Answer- 160
What has happened to community hospital occupancy rates since 1960? - Answer- -
Each year, the community hospital occupancy rates continuously fluctuate, but since
1960 there's been an overall decrease
o 1960: 74.7% beds occupied
o 2013: 62.9% beds occupied
How many people get hospital acquired infections each year? - Answer- 2 million
How many people DIE from hospital acquired infections each year? - Answer- 100,000
Escape Fire:
-If medical errors were factored in to the top leading causes of death, they would be the
_____ leading cause of death in the US - Answer- 3rd
_______ are another term used for Fee for Service plans - Answer- Indemnity plans
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