College Exam 1 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
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What during labor increases the risk of neonate aquiring
acute encephalitis? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>active
herpes simplex virus-2
How do you administer meds? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>starting with the lowest dose and titrating up
slowly
What is pain is associated with? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>actual or potential tissue damage
When pain stimulates the sympathetic nervous system,
what does it result in? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>-
increase in BP
- increase in HR
- increase in RR
,Where are catecholamines released from? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>adrenal medulla
Where are steroid hormones (cortisol & aldosterone)
released from? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>adrenal
cortex
What does unrelieved pain lead to? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>- increases glucagon production
- decreases insulin secretion
- depress immune function
- can lead to addictive behaviors
What initiates inflammation, contributes to tissue sweeling,
and pain? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>Prostaglandins
What can nerve root injury lead to? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>allodynia (pain that is associated with non-
noxious stimuli)
What is needed for renal blood flow? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>Prostaglandin
Pain is? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>whatever the
patient says it is
What is the single most reliable indicator of pain? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>the patient's self-report
,How do NSAID's preimarily produce pain relief? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>by preventing prostaglandin
formation
What does acetaminphen not have? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>any inflammatory properties
What do you manage nociceptive pain with? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>- local anesthetics
- non-opioids
- opioids
What does 0 on the 0 - 10 numeric pain rating scale
indicate? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>no pain
What does the Wong-Baker FACES pain scale consist of?
- ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>cartoon faces that the
patient (ages 3 and up) selects to report thier pain level
What does the visual analog 10cm scale represent? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>no pain to the worst pain, the
patient marks a spot somewhere in between indicating
their pain level
What pain scale helps indiviuals describe the intensity of
pain? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>verbal descriptor scale
What does a comprehensive pain assessment consist of?
- ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>- duration (when it
started/lasted)
, - type (intensity/assoc factors/influencing fators)
- location
What patients do we avoid the rectal route for med
administration? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>thrombocytopenic
What type of effect do topical agents produce? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>local
What type of effect do transdermal agents produce? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>drug absorption into the
systemic circulation
What would help reduce complications related to pain for
patients? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>provide a PCA
How do we administer around the clock pain relief for
post-op and chronic pain? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>provide analgesics, never wait for chronic pain
to reoccur
What is provided for mild to moderate pain? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>aspirin or acetaminaphen
What is provided for moderate pain? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>NSAID's
What is provided for severe pain? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>morphine