CTEL 1 || Already Passed.
Communicative Competence correct answers the ability to communicate in a personally effective
and socially appropriate manner. Being a competent communicator entails more than just
knowledge of the language's grammar. as the need to also have understanding of how language is
used by different speakers in different contexts. Knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, discourse
in specific situations and cultural context are just a few examples
Constrastive Analysis correct answers The study of similarities and differences between two
languages' syntax rules, morphemes, and structure. Contrastive analysis was used to
predict/understand why some elements of L2 are more difficult than others. Structures of L1 that
are similar to L2 structures should be easier to learn. There are often times when the predicted
struggles are not seen in language acquisition.
Structural analysis correct answers A strategy used to determine meaning of unknown words by
breaking down a word into smaller word based off the word's base, prefix, etc.
Orthography correct answers the conventional spelling system of a language
context clues correct answers If a language learner does not know the meaning of a particular
word or phrase in a sentence, s/he can look at the surrounding words, phrases, sentence ,
pictures, etc. to discern the meaning of the unknown word of phrase.
Name the different Evaluation and how they may be performed in many ways correct answers
Performance Based- The student complete a test isomg what he/she has learned (often graded by
a rubric or checklistCurriculum Based- the student takes a test or quiz containing questions that
show how well the student remember or understands the material covered in the
curriculumteacher-made testing- The instructor designs of many formats that covers a small
amount of material recently taught.district benchmarks- Grade-level students from an entire
district take a test and the curriculum for the district is adjusted to focus on the weakness
detected (the benchmark is usually before a state-mandated test so the curriculum can be adjusted
prior to the "real" test
Describe some ways in which a school and or teacher can provide culturally sensitive, positive
environment of communication for students from a variety of background correct answers First
the teacher can observe his/her students and note the way they approach learning (hands-on,
reading about it, etc) and then incorporate those learning styles into the lesson. In some cultures
it's customary for students to ask questions and in other there is rules of discourse between child
and adult. Body language and verbal/non/verbal cues different from culture to culture as well.
Explain how to overcome a language barrier when involving the parents and guardians in the
learning process and school environment of students who are English learners: correct answers
In order to reach out to the parents or guardians of the students education, the teacher should first
determine the primary language spoken at home then use the services of a translator or bilingual
interpreter to communicate with the family.
,Explain some ways for promoting appreciation within a school: correct answers ELL who feel
valued within their school will have more self-esteem and thus (in theory) more likelihood to
learn the language. Sponsoring multi culture events like cinch de mayo or chinese new year. The
inclusion of variety of traditions, studies, holidays, food creates a climate of inclusion.
Discuss the "all grade" level requirements for ELD in California correct answers Districts must
address all levels (k-12) by providing the core curriculum classes and work. By offering the core
courses to all student, the ELD students have the opportunity to learn the information they need
for each core subject In core classes, the students must have access to both English language
learning and the core subject's information.
Discuss Ways which classroom assessment plays a role in ELD programs. correct answers
Classroom assessment plays a major role in ELD. The main goal is to see what students are
learning, what they know and what they still need to know, so the ELD classroom assessment
should be designed to produce results that measure the progress the students are making. Once
the classroom assessment has been performed, the instructor can identify defeceiencies and make
adjustments to the instructional curriculum to meet the needs of the students
Social Function of Language correct answers Today language is used for many different reason,
all of which communicate, but often which also serve different social purposes. Some examples
of social function of language include using it as a way to maintain control, to persuade someone
else to agree with your point of view. to assume others and simply to inform,/impart information
Language Experience Approach correct answers This method of teaching helps students learn
language, bond with classmates and take ownership or learning. The process involves choosing
the material to cover, then recording in writing or video the lessons themselves. Lessons may be
hands on experiences such as growing a garden, taking a field trip or cooking. The student assist
in designing the lesson, planning the event and writing the rules that well follow during
participation. Once the lesson is complete students and teachers will reinforce the learning by
engaging in discussion about what happened, what was learning, the video or written work will
also be discussed. Students after, may make a bulletin board, chart, map, drawing about their
experiences.
Discuss some strategies with EL and writing correct answers Some EL can benefit from a variety
of the following:*Help develop legible handwriting*Assistance learning the writing process
(organs , maintain focus, revise, drafting etc.)* Help learning how to use and apply technology
and research techniques, such as how to use the library and conduct internet research*
Discussions and practice with various types of writing- expository, narrative, description,
persuasive - have them write and essay using all these types* Practice writing for different
audiences* Drill and pracice with written conventions, spelling, sentence structure ,
capitalization, punctuation
Syntactic rules: correct answers : verb tense, subject-verb agreement and sentence patters.-
Accurate modeling of english syntax to promote communicative competence.-Strategies to
address difficulties: using text to learn about syntax of home language
,difficulties English Learners have with words, phrases, and sentences with respect to semantics
correct answers words with multiple meanings: should be studied in context, false cognates can
be addressed as they come up by pointing out that not all apparent cognates.
Idioms are paricularly hard because the cannot be translated literally. Have the students translate
from native language to english. Visual representation helps students make meaning.
Syntax classes correct answers noun, ver, adjective, preposition
Language Ambiguity: correct answers Sometimes a word or phrase maybe interpreted/translated
in more than one way. A lexical ambiguity is a single word. A structural ambiguity is a phrase or
sentence . These ambiguities are often caused by hyperbole, simile metaphors, connotations
Subject Verb Agreement: correct answers Plural noun should be paired with a plural verb.
Examples: She and her friends 'are' at the fair. One of the boxes 'is' open.
Syntactic Rules in English: correct answers English syntax rules (like verb tense and subject-
verb agreement) dictate the order in which words may be placed in a sentence so that they make
sense and create meaning. Example: we would say "I like him" not "I him like"When learning
another language, syntactic rules must be specifically taught.
Preposition correct answers A word that expresses spatial or temporal relations. Examples: in,
under, towards, before, past, upon, at
Semantics: correct answers The study of meaning (words, phrases and sentences). Semantics
studies the relationships among words and how they're used in particular instances. While syntax
is the body of rules for putting words together, semantics is the meaning made after the words
are together.
Syntax: correct answers The way in which words are put together to form phrases. Syntax rules
dictate the grammar rules of a language as well as word placement. Syntax rules from different
languages differ.
One hypothesis of language acquisition theory is that: correct answers Learning a language is a
conscious, formally configured act, while acquiring a language is both natural and unconscious.
Language acquisition theory holds that since language acquisition is the result of practical
language use and is therefore both natural and unconscious, language acquisition instruction
should not put emphasis on error correction or grammar. Doing so might inhibit ELs' natural
acquisition of English.
An English Learner has trouble recognizing differences between /l/ and /r/, especially in
conversation. This is because correct answers · These sounds are not distinct phonemes in his
first language
Jasmine's older brother is curious. In the previous statement, the underlined words are correct
answers A predicate adjective. Predicate adjectives follow the linking verb, in this case the verb
, 'is', and gives additional information that modifies the subject. Jasmine's older brother is the
subject, and 'curious' is the adjective.
Prepositional Phrase correct answers Before we define the object of a preposition, we must also
discuss prepositional phrases. In most cases, a prepositional phrase is a group of words that
includes a preposition but lacks a subject or a verb (though there are some exceptions that
contain a subject and verb). A prepositional phrase usually includes a preposition and a noun or
pronoun. We can use some of the examples above to illustrate how prepositional phrases look in
a sentence:
The girl likes to play before dinner.
A teacher working with students at beginning and intermediate levels needs to modify a text for
her English Learners. Which is best? correct answers Simplifying the text by removing words
that are extraneous, creating several simple, direct sentences out of a single complex sentence,
and translating conceptual, abstract language into concrete words will modify the text for ELs.
Count the number of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, articles and prepositions in the
following brief passage:
Billowing white clouds hung beneath the turquoise sky. The irritable old man shuffled to the
moss- covered rock and leaned against it, wishing it would rain. correct answers · 4, 5, 5, 0, 2, 3,
3
What strategy can a teacher use to simultaneously increase vocabulary and heighten syntactical
understanding in her English Learners? correct answers Teach students prefixes and suffixes
Most English Learners have a plethora of difficulties when they first begin to read in English.
Choose the possible reason(s) for this: correct answers · If the primary language also uses the
Roman alphabet but is phonetically regular, early reading confusion is to be expected
· Some letter blends, such as sch, are illogical
· All vowels have numerous possible ways of being pronounced
Why might English Learners be confused by compound words, when they understand the
meanings of the individual words? correct answers When a compound word is divided into its
component words, oftentimes there is no apparent logical reason why joining their meanings
results in the new meaning. Pocketbook has nothing to do with either pockets or books, and
while nightmares happen at night, they don't have anything to do with female horses.
The Object of a Preposition Examples correct answers Before, we looked at a number of
example sentences that show objects, prepositions, and prepositional phrases. Now, let's look at a
few examples that show how the object of a preposition functions in sentences:
(The prepositional phrases are in bold, while every object of the preposition is in bold and
underlined.)
Her friend should be there by now.
Predicate Nominative: correct answers a word in the nominative case that completes a copulative
verb, such as son in the sentence Charlie is my son.
