HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL REVIEW
FROM TESTBANK - 1/3
A physician has diagnosed a patient with purpura. After leaving the room, a nursing student
asks the nurse what the physician saw that led to that diagnosis. The nurse should say, The
physician is referring to the:
a.
Blue dilation of blood vessels in a star-shaped linear pattern on the legs.
b.
Fiery red, star-shaped marking on the cheek that has a solid circular center.
c.
Confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses on the feet.
d.
Tiny areas of hemorrhage that are less than 2 mm, round, discrete, and dark red in color. - ANS
ANS: C
Purpura is a confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses and a flat macular
hemorrhage observed in generalized disorders such as thrombocytopenia and scurvy. The blue
dilation of blood vessels in a star-shaped linear pattern on the legs describes a venous lake.
The fiery red, star-shaped marking on the cheek that has a solid circular center describes a
spider or star angioma. The tiny areas of hemorrhage that are less than 2 mm, round, discrete,
and dark red in color describes petechiae.
The nurse educator is preparing an education module for the nursing staff on the epidermal
layer of skin. Which of these statements would be included in the module? The epidermis is:
a.
Highly vascular.
b.
Thick and tough.
c.
Thin and nonstratified.
d.
Replaced every 4 weeks. - ANS ANS: D
The epidermis is thin yet tough, replaced every 4 weeks, avascular, and stratified into several
zones.
The nurse educator is preparing an education module for the nursing staff on the dermis layer of
skin. Which of these statements would be included in the module? The dermis:
,a.
Contains mostly fat cells.
b.
Consists mostly of keratin.
c.
Is replaced every 4 weeks.
d.
Contains sensory receptors. - ANS ANS: D
The dermis consists mostly of collagen, has resilient elastic tissue that allows the skin to stretch,
and contains nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. It is not replaced
every 4 weeks.
the nurse is examining a patient who tells the nurse, I sure sweat a lot, especially on my face
and feet but it doesnt have an odor. The nurse knows that this condition could be related to:
a.
Eccrine glands.
b.
Apocrine glands.
c.
Disorder of the stratum corneum.
d.
Disorder of the stratum germinativum. - ANS ANS: A
The eccrine glands are coiled tubules that directly open onto the skin surface and produce a
dilute saline solution called sweat. Apocrine glands are primarily located in the axillae,
anogenital area, nipples, and naval area and mix with bacterial flora to produce the
characteristic musky body odor. The patients statement is not related to disorders of the stratum
corneum or the stratum germinativum.
A newborn infant is in the clinic for a well-baby checkup. The nurse observes the infant for the
possibility of fluid loss because of which of these factors?
a.
Subcutaneous fat deposits are high in the newborn.
b.
Sebaceous glands are overproductive in the newborn.
c.
The newborns skin is more permeable than that of the adult.
d.
The amount of vernix caseosa dramatically rises in the newborn. - ANS ANS: C
,The newborns skin is thin, smooth, and elastic and is relatively more permeable than that of the
adult; consequently, the infant is at greater risk for fluid loss. The subcutaneous layer in the
infant is inefficient, not thick, and the sebaceous glands are present but decrease in size and
production. Vernix caseosa is not produced after birth.
The nurse is bathing an 80-year-old man and notices that his skin is wrinkled, thin, lax, and dry.
This finding would be related to which factor in the older adult?
a.
Increased vascularity of the skin
b.
Increased numbers of sweat and sebaceous glands
c.
An increase in elastin and a decrease in subcutaneous fat
d.
An increased loss of elastin and a decrease in subcutaneous fat - ANS ANS: D
An accumulation of factors place the aging person at risk for skin disease and breakdown: the
thinning of the skin, a decrease in vascularity and nutrients, the loss of protective cushioning of
the subcutaneous layer, a lifetime of environmental trauma to skin, the social changes of aging,
a increasingly sedentary lifestyle, and the chance of immobility.
During the aging process, the hair can look gray or white and begin to feel thin and fine. The
nurse knows that this occurs because of a decrease in the number of functioning:
a.
Metrocytes.
b.
Fungacytes.
c.
Phagocytes.
d.
Melanocytes. - ANS ANS: D
In the aging hair matrix, the number of functioning melanocytes decreases; as a result, the hair
looks gray or white and feels thin and fine. The other options are not correct.
During an examination, the nurse finds that a patient has excessive dryness of the skin. The
best term to describe this condition is:
a.
Xerosis.
b.
, Pruritus.
c.
Alopecia.
d.
Seborrhea. - ANS ANS: A
Xerosis is the term used to describe skin that is excessively dry. Pruritus refers to itching,
alopecia refers to hair loss, and seborrhea refers to oily skin.
A 22-year-old woman comes to the clinic because of severe sunburn and states, I was out in the
sun for just a couple of minutes. The nurse begins a medication review with her, paying special
attention to which medication class?
a.
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for pain
b.
Tetracyclines for acne
c.
Proton pump inhibitors for heartburn
d.
Thyroid replacement hormone for hypothyroidism - ANS ANS: B
Drugs that may increase sunlight sensitivity and give a burn response include sulfonamides,
thiazide diuretics, oral hypoglycemic agents, and tetracycline.
A woman is leaving on a trip to Hawaii and has come in for a checkup. During the examination
the nurse learns that she has diabetes and takes oral hypoglycemic agents. The patient needs
to be concerned about which possible effect of her medications?
a.
Increased possibility of bruising
b.
Skin sensitivity as a result of exposure to salt water
c.
Lack of availability of glucose-monitoring supplies
d.
Importance of sunscreen and avoiding direct sunlight - ANS ANS: D
Drugs that may increase sunlight sensitivity and give a burn response include sulfonamides,
thiazide diuretics, oral hypoglycemic agents, and tetracycline.
A 13-year-old girl is interested in obtaining information about the cause of her acne. The nurse
should share with her that acne:
