N618 Patho FINAL EXAM 4 Questions with correct
answers
A 48 year-old male has a new diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Which of the following processes underlies the deficits that accompany
the degeneration of myelin in his peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Correct Answer-Nerve cells lack insulation and impulse conduction is
compromised by the
destruction of myelin.
A badly burned firefighter has been in an induced coma for three weeks.
When he awakens, he thanks his son for singing to him a week earlier.
Which part of the brain is responsible for allowing him to hear and
comprehend while comatose? Correct Answer-Thalamus
Following a motor vehicle accident 3 months prior, a 20-year-old female
who has been in a coma since her accident has now had her condition
declared a persistent vegetative state. How can her care providers most
accurately explain an aspect of her situation to her parents? Correct
Answer-"Though she still goes through a cycle of sleeping and waking,
her condition is unlikely to change."
A nurse on a neurology unit is assessing a female client with a brain-
injury. The client is unresponsive to speech, and her pupils are dilated
and do not react to light. She is breathing regularly, but her respiratory
rate is 45 breaths per minute. In response to a noxious stimulus, her arms
and legs extend rigidly. What is her level of impairment? Correct
Answer-Coma
,A male newborn infant has been diagnosed with spina bifida occulta.
Which of the following pathophysiological processes has most likely
contributed to the infant's health problem? Correct Answer-The vertebral
arches around his neural tube have failed to completely close.
During a clinical assessment of a 68 year-old client who has suffered a
head injury, a neurologist suspects that a client has a sustained damage
to her vagus (CN X). Which of the following assessment findings is
most likely to lead the physician to this conclusion? Correct Answer-The
client has difficulty swallowing and has had recent constipation and
hypoactive bowel sounds.
Following a spinal cord injury suffered in a motor vehicle accident, a 22
year-old male has lost fine motor function of his finger and thumb, but is
still able to perform gross motor movements of his hand and arm. Which
of the following components of his white matter has most likely been
damaged? Correct Answer-The outer layer (neolayer)
Several months ago, a 20-year-old male suffered a spinal cord injury
brought about by a snowboard trick gone wrong. The lasting effects of
his injury include flaccid bowel and bladder and the inability to obtain
an erection. While sensation has been completely preserved in his legs
and feet, his motor function is significantly impaired. What type of
incomplete spinal cord injury has the man most likely experienced?
Correct Answer-Conus medullaris syndrome
A nurse educator is explaining basic neuroanatomy to a class of
prospective nursing students. Which of the following statements best
conveys an aspect of the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? Correct
, Answer-CSF cushions the brain and provides a near-water medium for
diffusion of
nutrients.
A 9 year-old girl has a diffuse collection of symptoms that are indicative
of deficits in endocrine and autonomic nervous system control, and she
also suffers from persistent fluid and electrolyte imbalances. On which
of the following aspects of the nervous system would her care providers
focus their diagnostic efforts? Correct Answer-Impaired function of her
hypothalamus
A nurse educator is explaining the divisions of the nervous system to a
class of prospective nursing students. Which of these characterizations
of the organization of the nervous system is most accurate? Correct
Answer-The ANS is represented in both the CNS and PNS.
During a late night study session, a pathophysiology student reaches out
to turn the page the page of her textbook. Which of the following
components of her nervous system contains the highest level of control
of her arm and hand action? Correct Answer-Frontal lobe
A 58-year-old woman comes to the clinic for evaluation of a sharp,
intermittent, severe, stabbing facial pain that she describes as "like an
electric shock." The pain occurs on only one side of her face. It seems to
be triggered when she chews, brushes her teeth, or sometimes when she
merely touches her face. Often it is accompanied by involuntary
grimacing. What is most likely causing her pain? Correct Answer-
Trigeminal neuralgia
answers
A 48 year-old male has a new diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Which of the following processes underlies the deficits that accompany
the degeneration of myelin in his peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Correct Answer-Nerve cells lack insulation and impulse conduction is
compromised by the
destruction of myelin.
A badly burned firefighter has been in an induced coma for three weeks.
When he awakens, he thanks his son for singing to him a week earlier.
Which part of the brain is responsible for allowing him to hear and
comprehend while comatose? Correct Answer-Thalamus
Following a motor vehicle accident 3 months prior, a 20-year-old female
who has been in a coma since her accident has now had her condition
declared a persistent vegetative state. How can her care providers most
accurately explain an aspect of her situation to her parents? Correct
Answer-"Though she still goes through a cycle of sleeping and waking,
her condition is unlikely to change."
A nurse on a neurology unit is assessing a female client with a brain-
injury. The client is unresponsive to speech, and her pupils are dilated
and do not react to light. She is breathing regularly, but her respiratory
rate is 45 breaths per minute. In response to a noxious stimulus, her arms
and legs extend rigidly. What is her level of impairment? Correct
Answer-Coma
,A male newborn infant has been diagnosed with spina bifida occulta.
Which of the following pathophysiological processes has most likely
contributed to the infant's health problem? Correct Answer-The vertebral
arches around his neural tube have failed to completely close.
During a clinical assessment of a 68 year-old client who has suffered a
head injury, a neurologist suspects that a client has a sustained damage
to her vagus (CN X). Which of the following assessment findings is
most likely to lead the physician to this conclusion? Correct Answer-The
client has difficulty swallowing and has had recent constipation and
hypoactive bowel sounds.
Following a spinal cord injury suffered in a motor vehicle accident, a 22
year-old male has lost fine motor function of his finger and thumb, but is
still able to perform gross motor movements of his hand and arm. Which
of the following components of his white matter has most likely been
damaged? Correct Answer-The outer layer (neolayer)
Several months ago, a 20-year-old male suffered a spinal cord injury
brought about by a snowboard trick gone wrong. The lasting effects of
his injury include flaccid bowel and bladder and the inability to obtain
an erection. While sensation has been completely preserved in his legs
and feet, his motor function is significantly impaired. What type of
incomplete spinal cord injury has the man most likely experienced?
Correct Answer-Conus medullaris syndrome
A nurse educator is explaining basic neuroanatomy to a class of
prospective nursing students. Which of the following statements best
conveys an aspect of the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? Correct
, Answer-CSF cushions the brain and provides a near-water medium for
diffusion of
nutrients.
A 9 year-old girl has a diffuse collection of symptoms that are indicative
of deficits in endocrine and autonomic nervous system control, and she
also suffers from persistent fluid and electrolyte imbalances. On which
of the following aspects of the nervous system would her care providers
focus their diagnostic efforts? Correct Answer-Impaired function of her
hypothalamus
A nurse educator is explaining the divisions of the nervous system to a
class of prospective nursing students. Which of these characterizations
of the organization of the nervous system is most accurate? Correct
Answer-The ANS is represented in both the CNS and PNS.
During a late night study session, a pathophysiology student reaches out
to turn the page the page of her textbook. Which of the following
components of her nervous system contains the highest level of control
of her arm and hand action? Correct Answer-Frontal lobe
A 58-year-old woman comes to the clinic for evaluation of a sharp,
intermittent, severe, stabbing facial pain that she describes as "like an
electric shock." The pain occurs on only one side of her face. It seems to
be triggered when she chews, brushes her teeth, or sometimes when she
merely touches her face. Often it is accompanied by involuntary
grimacing. What is most likely causing her pain? Correct Answer-
Trigeminal neuralgia
