Exam (elaborations)
N307 Exam questions with correct answers.
- Course
- Nurs 307
- Institution
- Maryville University Of St. Louis
N307 Exam questions with correct answers.
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N307 Exam questions with correct answersTestosterone Correct Answer-Contributes to sperm production,
responsible for the development of primary and secondary male sex
characteristics, including muscle mass and strength, fat distribution,
bone mass, facial hair, voice change, and sex drive. It aids in the
synthesis of body proteins like muscular and skeletal proteins. It inhibits
protein catabolism, enhances erythropoiesis and production of other
blood cells, and regulated cholesterol levels.
Andropause Correct Answer-Clinical and biomedical syndrome
associated with advancing age and characterized by a deficiency in
serum androgen levels with or without a decrease in genomic sensitivity
to androgens. It may result in significant alterations in the quality of life
and adversely affect the function of Multiple organ systems. Decreasing
levels of bioavailable testosterone is due to decrease rate of production
by the testes, reduction is size and weight of the testes, critical issues,
increased level of stress/physical stress/burn injury, testicular trauma,
genetic and metabolic disorders, chronic substance misuse, chronic
illness (DM, CRF, HIV, COPD), or medications (corticosteroids,
opiates, estrogen, and antiestrogen).
Testosterone works on Correct Answer-CNS (libido, energy, spatial
cognition, well being, memory), Larynx (lower voice), liver (lowers sex
binding globulin that binds tightly to testosterone dihydrotestosterone
and estradiol), kidneys (raises erythropoietin), prostate (increases size
and secretion), genitals (development, erection, spermatogenesis),
skin(increases facial and body hair and sebum production, blood
(increases hematocrit), adipose tissue (increases lipolysis and decreased
abdominal fat), and bone and muscle (increases body density and lean
muscle mass and strength).
,Male aging changes Correct Answer-Lower testosterone, less responsive
tissues, changes in hypothalamus and pituitary gland, obesity, erectile
dysfunction, reduced vascular flow, BPH, decreased libido, less forceful
ejaculation, atrophy of the testicles, thickened tubules, decreased sperm
volume, count and motility, change in sperm shape, decreased muscle
mass and strength.
Serum total testosterone concentration declines with age, SHBG
concentrations increase gradually and binds to testosterone, the serum
free testosterone concentration decreases with increasing age to a greater
degree than the total testosterone. FSH levels rise more than the LH but
the fall in testosterone is due to primary and secondary hypogonadism
(particularly the increase in LH). Signs and symptoms are reduced
energy, decreased sense of well-being, fatigue, decreased libido and
erectile dysfunction, changes in ejaculation, decrease in strength and
lean body mass, loss of height and body hair, increase in body fat, hot
flashes, sweating, insomnia, anxiety, irritable mood, tiredness, lethargy,
lack of motivation, low self esteem, and less interest and desire for sex,
less sexual activity, poor ejaculation, and reduced quality of orgasm and
ejaculation.
Potential harmful effects of testosterone Correct Answer-prostate cancer,
benign apnea, erythrocytosis.
This replacement therapy should only used on males with low serum
testosterone concentrations on more than one occasion and symptoms of
testosterone deficiency are present. After the beginning of the treatment,
a person should be monitored by digital rectal examination and by PSA
at three months and then yearly.
,epospadias Correct Answer-Meatus opens dorsally or ventrally on the
penis. Needs surgical correction.
Prosthitis Correct Answer-inflammation of the prepuce (foreskin).
balanitis Correct Answer-inflammation of the glans penis
Paraphimosis Correct Answer-condition in which a retracted prepuce
cannot be pulled forward to cover the glans. Circulation is impeded,
resulting in a swollen glans. Circumcision may be needed if unable to
manually reduce. Can occur after rigorous cleaning, sexual intercourse,
catheter insertions or cystoscopy.
phimosis Correct Answer-narrowing of the opening of the prepuce over
the glans penis. Prolonged phimosis predisposes a person to penile
cancer. Signs and symptoms are edema, erythema, tenderness, and
purulent discharge.
undescended testes Correct Answer-failure of one or both testes to move
from the abdomen to the scrotum during fetal development
testicular torsion Correct Answer-twisting of the spermatic cord
hydrocele Correct Answer-scrotal swelling caused by a collection of
fluid
, varicoele Correct Answer-bulge above the testicle when bearing down
mild to moderate pain
epididymitis Correct Answer-inflammation of the epididymis
orchitis Correct Answer-inflammation of the testes
erectile dysfunction Correct Answer-the inability of the male to attain or
maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse. Very
common over the age of 65. Occurs more in people with diabetes,
hypertension, and depression. Can by physiological or psychological. It
is under neurological, arthritogenic, and vasogenic control. Treatment
depends on the cause and is individualized. Penile implants are an
option.
Benign prostate hyperplasia Correct Answer-Causes unknown but is
thought to be related to aging and lower testosterone levels, and
accumulation of DTH (dihydrotestosterone). It is not a precursor to
prostate cancer. Signs and symptoms are urinary hesitancy and urgency,
increase in frequency of urination, dysuria, nocturia, post void dribbling,
decreased force and caliber of urine stream, sensation of incomplete
bladder emptying, long term complication are obstructive nephropathy,
bladder stones, and recurrent UTIs. The tumor occludes part of the
urethra. To diagnose, we look at history, physical lab tests (like rectal
exams), and elevation of symptoms. The tissue should be soft is benign.
Malignant is when it is hard, asymmetrical, and cobblestone in texture.
Treatment is for those with significant symptoms and can be surgical or
pharmacological. Drugs work to relax smooth muscles of the arteries,
prostate, and neck of the bladder and alter hormone stimulation to lead
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