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AP Euro. Period Questions and Answers
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Exam of 7 pages for the course AP European at AP European (AP Euro. Period)
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AP Euro. Period 1 1450-1648humanists - answer European scholars, writers, and teachers associated with the study
of the humanities (grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, languages, and moral philosophy),
influential in the fifteenth century and later. Explored human endeavors in their art,
literature, and poetry.
Brunelleschi - answer The artist and architect credited with discovering linear
perspective
Leonardo da Vinci - answer A well known Italian Renaissance artist, architect, musician,
mathematician, engineer, and scientist. Known for the Mona Lisa.
Michelangelo - answer(1475-1564) An Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and
architect. Famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the
sculpture of the biblical character David.
Raphael - answer(1483-1520) Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, his most
famous being The School of Athens.
Northern Renaissance - answer Cultural and intellectual movement of northern Europe,
began later than the Italian Renaissance (circa 1450), centered in France, Low
Countries, England, and Germany, featured a greater emphasis on religion than the
Italian Renaissance
Christian Humanism - answer associated with northern Europe; studied classical texts;
gave humanism a Christian context; committed to religious piety and institutional reform;
Desiderius Erasmus
Ptolemy - answer An ancient Greek astronomer, living in Egypt, who proposed a way of
calculating the movements of the planets on the assumption that they, along with the
sun and the stars, were embedded in clear spheres that revolved around the Earth. His
beliefs prevailed for nearly fifteen hundred years, until the modern model of the solar
system, with the sun at the center, was developed from the ideas of Copernicus.
Bacon - answerThis scientist spread the word about the experimental method and
formalized the empirical method and combined his thinking with Descartes to form the
scientific method
Descartes - answerWrote Discourse on Method. Believed in Cartesian Dualism where
the body can be doubted, but the mind can't so the two must be radically different. Used
deductive reasoning (reasoning through previously know facts) to come to conclusions.
, Galileo - answer(1564-1642) An Italian who provided more evidence for heliocentrism
and questioned if the heavens really were perfect. He invented a new telescope, studied
the sky, and published what he discovered. Because his work provided evidence that
the Bible was wrong he was arrested and ended up on house arrest for the rest of his
life.
Copernicus - answerA Polish astronomer who put forth the theory that the sun is at rest
near the center of the universe, and that the earth spinning on its axis once daily,
revolves annually around the sun. This is called heliocentric, or sun centered system
Newton - answer(1642-1727) An English natural philosopher who studied at Cambridge
and eventually developed the laws of movement found among the bodies of Earth.
Spent his life dedicated to the study of mathematics (created calculus) and optics.
Published Principia Mathematica and discovered the law of universal gravitation.
Harvey - answer Described the circulation of the blood through veins and arteries.
Galen - answer ancient Greek physician,4 humors Disorders happened due to an
imbalance- correcting done through bleeding
Pico della Mirandola - answer Wrote On the Dignity of Man which stated that man was
made in the image of God before the fall and as Christ after the Resurrection. Man is
placed in-between beasts and the angels. He also believed that there is no limits to
what man can accomplish.
Machiavelli - answer Renaissance writer; formerly a politician, wrote The Prince, a work
on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by methods that
ignore right or wrong; accepted the philosophy that "the end justifies the means."
Jean Bodin - answer This was the man who created the theory of sovereignty in which a
state becomes sovereign by claiming a monopoly over the instruments of justice
Castiglione - answer He knew that the ideal man was many talented, including artistic,
intellectual and physical skills. Wrote regarding manners. Wrote Book of the Courtier
Guttenberg - answerThis man is credited with inventing the printing press in Europe:
Kepler - answer(1571-1630) Assistant to Tycho Brahe who believed in the Copernican
view. He continued Brahe's observations and created three laws of planetary motion
published between 1609 and 1619. They provided mathematical backing for
heliocentrism and suggested that the planets orbits were ellipses.
alchemy - answer medieval chemical philosophy based on changing metal into gold; a
seemingly magical power or process of transmutation. (Some Scientific Revolution
thinkers continued to be interested in this idea from an earlier age.)
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