NSG 511 EXAM 4
estrogen functions: sexual maturity - Answer- development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics
estrogen functions: reproductive cycle - Answer- - follicular (ending with ovulation at day 14) and luteal phases (ending with menstruation)
- proliferation of ute...
NSG 511 EXAM 4
estrogen functions: sexual maturity - Answer- development and maintenance of
female secondary sex characteristics
estrogen functions: reproductive cycle - Answer- - follicular (ending with ovulation at
day 14) and luteal phases (ending with menstruation)
- proliferation of uterine endothelium and endocervical mucus production
estrogen functions: bones - Answer- maintenance of bone health by blocking the
actions of osteoclasts
estrogen functions: cholesterol - Answer- favors beneficial ratio of HDL:LDL
(considered cardioprotective)
estrogen functions: coagulation - Answer- complex, but clinically considered
thrombogenic
progesterone functions - Answer- reproductive cycle - luteal phase - secretory phase
and hypertrophy of the endometrium in preparation for implantation of the zygote
progesterone - no implantation - Answer- corpus luteum breaks down, progesterone
declines, and endometrium sheds (menstruation)
progesterone - implantation - Answer- corpus luteum and placenta synthesize and
release progesterone to support the endometrial lining and the pregnancy
uses of estrogen and progesterone - Answer- - contraception
- menopausal hormone therapy
- gender affirmation and transgender health
- acne
- female hypogonadism
estrogen treating acne - Answer- antibiotics used to treat organism and estrogen
and/or anti-androgens are used to block the influence of testosterone
estrogen treating hypogonadism - Answer- in absence of estrogen therapy,
secondary sex characteristics will not develop - estrogen administered exogenously
composition of combination pills for contraception - Answer- estradiol
AND
1 of 4 generations of progestins to prevent ovulation
combination pills MOA - Answer- - 28 day cycle (21 active medication and 7 placebo)
- placebo pills initiate menstruation
- prevent ovulation
, 2 ways to eliminate menstruation - Answer- 1) take an extended cycle oral
contraception
2) take a monophastic oral contraceptive and skip placebo pills
example of extended cycle oral contraceptive - Answer- LoSeasonique
- 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol
- 0.1 mg levonorgestrel
$$$
example of monophasic oral contraceptive - Answer- Lutera
- 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol
- 0.1 mg levonorgestrel
cheaper
initiation criteria for combination pills - Answer- - if within 5 days of starting
menstruation, no backup method needed
- if greater than 5 days of starting menstruation, 7 days of abstinence/backup method
estrogen side effects - Answer- nausea, breast tenderness, swelling
progestin side effects - Answer- appetite and weight gain, fatigue, depression
absolute contraindications to combination pill use - Answer- - thrombolytic disorders
- abnormal liver function
- known or suspected breast cancer
- undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding
- known or suspected pregnancy
- smokes over age 35
progestin only pills MOA - Answer- alter cervical mucosa making it hostile to sperm
and making the endometrium less susceptible to implantation
*women still ovulate
progestin only pills common side effects - Answer- appetite and weight gain, fatigue,
depression, spotting (one of the primary reasons women stop using)
other ways of taking estrogen and/or progestins - Answer- - combined hormones:
transdermal patch (Ortho Evra, weekly) and vaginal ring (monthly)
- subdermal system: progestin releasing rod (Nexplannon, 3 years)
- depot injections: medroxyprogesterone (DepoProvera, 3 months)
- IUDs
2 forms of emergency contraception - Answer- - medicines (usually progestins)
- copper IUD
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