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10.1 Fundamentals of organic chemistry Detailed exam solutions verified for accuracy
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  • 10.1 Fundamentals Of Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry - ANSWER-Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, and specifically compounds containing the C-H bond. Catenation - ANSWER-The property of carbon where carbon atoms can join together to form chains and rings. Alkanes - ANSWER-A homologous series; Family of hydrocar...

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  • October 19, 2024
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10.1 Fundamentals of organic chemistry
Detailed exam solutions verified for
accuracy
Organic chemistry - ANSWER-Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds,
and specifically compounds containing the C-H bond.



Catenation - ANSWER-The property of carbon where carbon atoms can join together to
form chains and rings.



Alkanes - ANSWER-A homologous series; Family of hydrocarbons.

The compounds are all straight-chain alkanes, and the molecular formula of all alkanes
can be represented by the general formula C(n)H(2n+2).

Functional group name: alkyl

General name: alkane



Hydrocarbon - ANSWER-A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen



Empirical formula - ANSWER-The simplest whole number ratio of the elements present
in a compound.



Molecular formula - ANSWER-The total number of atoms of each element present in a
molecule of the compound. A molecular formula is an integer multiple of the empirical
formula.



Full structural formula - ANSWER-Also called a displayed or graphic formula; shows all
the atoms and bonds in a molecule.

Although we draw the full structural formula with 90° bond angles, it must be
remembered that with four electron pairs around each carbon atom, the shape is
tetrahedral around each one.

, Condensed structural formula - ANSWER-The simplest representation that shows how
the atoms are joined together in a molecule. (e.g. CH3CH3)



Skeletal formula - ANSWER-Very convenient and widely used for drawing more
complex molecules.

Drawn with lines, where each bend represents a carbon atom.

Skeletal formulas should not be used in examinations unless specifically requested.



Homologous series - ANSWER-A homologous series is a series of compounds that
have the same functional group. Each member differs from the next by a common
strutural unit (usually -CH2-).

- They can usually be described by a general molecular formula - e.g. C(n)H(2n+2) for
alkanes and C(n)H(2n) for alkenes.

- Members of the same series have similar chemical properties.

- Members of the series show a gradation in physical properties such as boiling point.



Chemical properties - ANSWER-How a substance reacts.



Functional group - ANSWER-A functional group is the atom or group of atoms in a
molecule that gives it its chemical properties - this is the reactive part of the molecule.



Alkenes - ANSWER-Funcional group: C=C

Functional group name: alkenyl

General name: alk-x-ene (or x-alkene)

General molecular formula: C(n)H(2n)



Alkynes - ANSWER-Functional group: C≡C

Functional group name: alkynyl

General name: alk-x-yne (or x-alkyne)



Alcohol - ANSWER-Functional group: -OH

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