EXAM 4, NUR 211 Exam 4
Ventilation
movement of air in and out of the lungs
Respiration
the process of gas exchange by means of movement of O2 from the atmosphere into the
bloodstream and movement of CO2 from the bloodstream to atmosphere
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The left lung has how many lobes?
2 (superior and inferior)
The right lung has how many lobes?
3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)
The upper airway
Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx (everything above the epiglottis)
Right lung
if you're auscultating lungs, which side should you listen to first?
"Good lung down"
how to position a patient with pneumonia to promote drainage?
,25/10
normal PAP?
Moves down/ flattens
what happens to the diaphragm during inhalation
Brainstem function
responsible for automatic survival functions; automatic, thoughtless breathing
cerebral cortex (cerebrum)
used when anxious or nervous
normal ventilation/perfusion ratio
4:5 or 0.8
Low numbers on V/Q scan
indicates ventilation problem
High numbers on V/Q scan
V/Q mismatch
An imbalance in the amount of oxygen received in the alveoli and the amount of blood flowing
through the alveolar capillaries; hypoxic vasoconstriction*
PaO2
80-100 mmHg; amount of O2 dissolved in plasma
It decreases as well
What happens to PaO2 as O2 saturation percent decreases?
Factors shifting oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right
(pH down) acidosis, high PCO2, high temp, 2-3 DPG
, A right shift
hemoglobin is giving tissue O2 freely; higher PaO2
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
end product of aerobic cellular metabolism
sickle cell anemia
abnormally shaped hemoglobin
Physical exam order for respiratory system
inspect, palpate, percuss, auscultate
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
varying periods of increasing depth interspersed with apnea
Kussmaul respirations
very deep and rapid respirations
Biot respirations
irregularly interpersed periods of apnea in a disorganized sequence of breaths
Ataxic
An irregular , unpredictable respiratory rate and tidal volume.
Malignant hyperthermia manifestations
CO2 and HR increases
Hyperresonance
loud/booming; may indicate asthma, emphysema, or pneumothorax
Tympany
loud/drum-like; may indicate large pneumothorax or emphysematous blebs
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