Exam (elaborations)
N398 Patho & Pharm I Final Exam questions with correct answers
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- Nursing
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- Liberty University
N398 Patho & Pharm I Final Exam questions with correct answers
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N398 Patho & Pharm I Final Exam questions withcorrect answers
Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure (Blood Pressure) Correct Answer-
facilitates the outward movement of water from the capillary to the
intersitial space (hydrostatic = away from where it was)
Capillary (plasma) Oncotic Pressure Correct Answer-Osmotically
attracts water from the intersitial space back into the capillary (oncotic =
back to where it originally was)
Intersitial Hydrostatic Pressure Correct Answer-Facilitates the inward
movement of water from the intersitial space into the capillary
(hydrostatic = away from where it was)
Instersitial Oncotic Pressure Correct Answer-Osmotically attracts water
from capillary into the intersitial space
Edema (Hypervolemia) Correct Answer-the excessive accumulation of
fluid within the intersitial space
Forces involved in Edema (Hypervolemia) Correct Answer-- Increased
capillary hydrostatic pressure (d/t heart failure, renal failure, cirrhosis)
- Decreased capillary (plasma) oncotic pressure (d/t losing plasma
proteins, open wounds, hemorrhage, burns, malnutrition)
- Increased capillary membrane permeability (d/t inflammation, immune
response)
,- Lymphatic channel obstruction (d/t lymph nodes removed,
inflammation, tumor)
Clinical Manifestations of Edema Correct Answer-- Weight gain
- Swelling
- Puffiness
- Tight-fitting clothes/shoes
- Limited range of movement
- Change ins lung sound --> respiratory distress
- increased jugular vein distension
- bounding, rapid pulses
Evaluation & Treatment of Edema Correct Answer-- History and
Physical
- Treat underlying condition
- Supportive Diet - decrease salt intake
- Diuretics
Clinical Dehydration (Hypovolemia) Correct Answer-too small of a
volume of fluid in the extracellular compartment (vascular and
intersitial); body fluids are too concentrated
Causes of Dehydration (Hypovolemia) Correct Answer-- Fluid Loss
(Vomiting, Diarrhea, Hemorrhage, Diabetes [esp type 1 w/ polyuria])
- Reduced Fluid Intake
,- Fluid Shifts (from Burns)
Clinical Manifestations of Clinical Dehydration (Hypovolemia) Correct
Answer-- Weight Loss
- Hypertension
- Decreased Pulses, Thready, Rapid
- Dry Mucus Membranes
- No tears
- Complaints of thirst
- Tachycardia
- Decreased Urinary Output
- Dizziness
- Decreased Skin Turgor
Pediatric Specific Clinical Manifestations of Dehydration
(Hypovolemia) Correct Answer-Sunken fontanelles
Evaluation and Treatment of Clinical Dehydration (Hypovolemia)
Correct Answer-- History and Physical (Decreased urinary output)
- Labs (Electrolytes)
- Give Fluids Slowly
- Stop Fluid Loss
Normal urine output for a child Correct Answer-1 mL/kg/hr
, What are the 3 major mechanisms that regulate acid-base status of the
body? Correct Answer-- Buffers
- Respiratory System
- Renal System
normal pH arterial values Correct Answer-7.35-7.45
normal pCO2 arterial values Correct Answer-35-45 mmHg
normal pHCO3- arterial values Correct Answer-21-28 mmHg
Acidosis Correct Answer-H+ increases (pH decreases below 7.35)
Alkalosis Correct Answer-H+ decreases (pH increases above 7.45)
pCO2 Correct Answer-respiratory
- ↑ pCO2 = ↑H+ = ↓ pH
- ↓ pCO2 = ↓H+ = ↑ pH
HCO3- Correct Answer-metabolic (base)
- ↑ HCO3 = ↓ H+ = ↑ pH
- ↓ HCO3 = ↑ H+ = ↓ pH
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