NR283: Pathophysiology Final
Exam-study guide Questions with
Verified Answers
what is osteoporosis? - ✅✅-complex, chronic, multi factorial disease that decreases bone
mineral density
what are the risk factors for osteoporosis? - ✅✅-white female, postmenopausal, aging,
sedentary lifestyle, and hyperparathyroidism
what are the symptoms of osteoporosis? - ✅✅-silent until fractures occur, back pain
what are patients at risk for with osteoporosis? - ✅✅-fractures
what is the health promotion for osteoporosis? - ✅✅-active lifestyle, calcium/vitamin D
supplements
what is the pathology of osteoporosis? - ✅✅ --Bone remodeling
-increased bone re absorption
-decreased bone formation causing thin, fragile bones
-fractures.
-Increased osteoclast activity
-decreased osteoblast activity.
what is the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis? - ✅✅ --chronic, systemic, inflammatory
autoimmune disease
-exaggerated immune response
-neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage -inflammatory cytokines breaking down cartilage
and bone then T-cells
-fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
-inflammation is constant and spreads to ALL synovial joints
what are the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis? - ✅✅ -inflammation, fever,
weakness, joint deformity, aching and stiffness, painful, tender, and stiff joint, loss of function,
and cyst in the joint.
what is the differentiation from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis? - ✅✅-systemic
symptoms
ex.) fever
osteoarthritis: load bearing, sports, and trauma
rheumatoid: Autoimmune
, what is a spiral fracture and who is most at risk? - ✅✅-a twist of the bone looking like a spiral,
most common in children due to child abuse
what does RICE stand for in regards to injury? - ✅✅-Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate
what do prostaglandin, histamine, and cytokine do for the body? - ✅✅-Decrease pain
threshold=increased pain sensation
ex.) Sun burn
what does seranin and GABA do for the body? - ✅✅-reduce translation of pain
ex) labor
what do endorphins do for the body? - ✅✅-prevent transmission of pain signals
ex.) exercise
what pathway of pain is Efferent? - ✅✅-CNS to PNS
what to do with the pain
what pathway of pain is Afferent? - ✅✅-PNS to CNS
processed by the brain
what is pain tolerance? - ✅✅-amount of pain body can handle before you involuntarily remove
the stimuli
what is pain threshold? - ✅✅ -*same for everyone*
Minimum amount of stimuli it takes to perceive pain
what is pain perception? - ✅✅-brain interprets the signal
what is the role of pain transmission? - ✅✅-signal goes to the CNS
what is the role of pain transduction? - ✅✅-nociceptors pick up pain signals
what is the role of nociceptors? - ✅✅-transmits pain
what are neurotransmitters? - ✅✅-chemicals the nervous system use to communicate
what is modulation of pain? - ✅✅-increased or decreased transmissions of pain signals
(manages pain)
Exam-study guide Questions with
Verified Answers
what is osteoporosis? - ✅✅-complex, chronic, multi factorial disease that decreases bone
mineral density
what are the risk factors for osteoporosis? - ✅✅-white female, postmenopausal, aging,
sedentary lifestyle, and hyperparathyroidism
what are the symptoms of osteoporosis? - ✅✅-silent until fractures occur, back pain
what are patients at risk for with osteoporosis? - ✅✅-fractures
what is the health promotion for osteoporosis? - ✅✅-active lifestyle, calcium/vitamin D
supplements
what is the pathology of osteoporosis? - ✅✅ --Bone remodeling
-increased bone re absorption
-decreased bone formation causing thin, fragile bones
-fractures.
-Increased osteoclast activity
-decreased osteoblast activity.
what is the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis? - ✅✅ --chronic, systemic, inflammatory
autoimmune disease
-exaggerated immune response
-neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage -inflammatory cytokines breaking down cartilage
and bone then T-cells
-fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
-inflammation is constant and spreads to ALL synovial joints
what are the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis? - ✅✅ -inflammation, fever,
weakness, joint deformity, aching and stiffness, painful, tender, and stiff joint, loss of function,
and cyst in the joint.
what is the differentiation from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis? - ✅✅-systemic
symptoms
ex.) fever
osteoarthritis: load bearing, sports, and trauma
rheumatoid: Autoimmune
, what is a spiral fracture and who is most at risk? - ✅✅-a twist of the bone looking like a spiral,
most common in children due to child abuse
what does RICE stand for in regards to injury? - ✅✅-Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate
what do prostaglandin, histamine, and cytokine do for the body? - ✅✅-Decrease pain
threshold=increased pain sensation
ex.) Sun burn
what does seranin and GABA do for the body? - ✅✅-reduce translation of pain
ex) labor
what do endorphins do for the body? - ✅✅-prevent transmission of pain signals
ex.) exercise
what pathway of pain is Efferent? - ✅✅-CNS to PNS
what to do with the pain
what pathway of pain is Afferent? - ✅✅-PNS to CNS
processed by the brain
what is pain tolerance? - ✅✅-amount of pain body can handle before you involuntarily remove
the stimuli
what is pain threshold? - ✅✅ -*same for everyone*
Minimum amount of stimuli it takes to perceive pain
what is pain perception? - ✅✅-brain interprets the signal
what is the role of pain transmission? - ✅✅-signal goes to the CNS
what is the role of pain transduction? - ✅✅-nociceptors pick up pain signals
what is the role of nociceptors? - ✅✅-transmits pain
what are neurotransmitters? - ✅✅-chemicals the nervous system use to communicate
what is modulation of pain? - ✅✅-increased or decreased transmissions of pain signals
(manages pain)
