CNUR 202 Unit 6 Exam Questions
with All Correct Answers
What is pseudomembranous colitis - Answer- - common adverse effect of most
antibiotics
- caused by exotoxins of Cdiff which damage the mucosa and produce a
pseudomembrane composed of inflammtory exudate
symptoms of Cdiff - Answer- - foul smelling diarrhea with gross blood and mucus
- abd cramps
- fever
- leukocytosis
Treatment for Cdiff - Answer- - stop antibiotic and administer Flagyl
What are Cephaolosporins - Answer- - semisynthetic antibiotics
- strucuturally and phramacologically related to penicillins
- bactericidal
- broad spectrum (not that good)
- divides according to their antimicrobial activity
Cephalosporin: First gen - Answer- - good gram positive coverage
- poor gram negative coverage
- available in parenteral and oral forms
Cephalosporin: Second Gen - Answer- - good gram positive coverage
- better gram negative coverage than first generation
Cephalosporin: Third Gen - Answer- - most potent group against gram negative
- less active against gram positive
- easily passes meninges and is diffused into CSF to treat CNS infections
Example of third gen cephalosporin - Answer- - Ceftazidime
- IV and IM forms
- excellent gram negative coverage
- used for difficult to treat organisms (like the lethal pneumonia)
- excellent spectrum coverage
- resistance is limiting usefulness
Cephalosporin: Fourth Gen - Answer- - newest version
, - broader spectrum of antibacterial activity than third-gen,especially against gram
positive bacteria
(T/F) does taking cephalosporin with alcohol increase effect of drug - Answer- False, it
reduces the effect
Cephalosporins: Common side effects - Answer- - mild diarrhea
- abd cramps
- rash pruritus
- redness
- edema
Adverse effects - Answer- - anaphylaxis
- pseudomembranous colitis
- seizures
- blood dyscrasia
What are carbapenems - Answer- - broadest antibacterial action of any antibotics to
date
- Reserved for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections in acutely ill
hospitalized patients
- Must be infused over 60 minutes
- May cause drug-induced seizure activity (reduced risk with proper dosage)
Example of carbapenems - Answer- - imipinem-cilastatin (primaxin)
- used for treatment of bone, joint, skin, and soft tissue in fections
- cilastatin inhibits an enzyme produced by the kidney that breaks down imipenem
Macrolides: Mechanism of Action - Answer- - Prevent protein synthesis within bacterial
cells
- Are considered bacteriostatic (bacteria will eventually die)
- In high enough concentrations, may also be bactericidal
Macrolides: indications - Answer- - strep infections
- mild to moderate upper/respiratory tract infections
- Spirochectal infections (syphillis and lyme disease)
- gonorrhea
- chlamydia
- mycoplasm
What are tetracyclines - Answer- - bacteriostatic
- inhibit protein synthesis
- stops many essential functions of bacteria
- broad spectrum
- dairy products, antacids, and iron reduce oral absorption of tetracyclines
with All Correct Answers
What is pseudomembranous colitis - Answer- - common adverse effect of most
antibiotics
- caused by exotoxins of Cdiff which damage the mucosa and produce a
pseudomembrane composed of inflammtory exudate
symptoms of Cdiff - Answer- - foul smelling diarrhea with gross blood and mucus
- abd cramps
- fever
- leukocytosis
Treatment for Cdiff - Answer- - stop antibiotic and administer Flagyl
What are Cephaolosporins - Answer- - semisynthetic antibiotics
- strucuturally and phramacologically related to penicillins
- bactericidal
- broad spectrum (not that good)
- divides according to their antimicrobial activity
Cephalosporin: First gen - Answer- - good gram positive coverage
- poor gram negative coverage
- available in parenteral and oral forms
Cephalosporin: Second Gen - Answer- - good gram positive coverage
- better gram negative coverage than first generation
Cephalosporin: Third Gen - Answer- - most potent group against gram negative
- less active against gram positive
- easily passes meninges and is diffused into CSF to treat CNS infections
Example of third gen cephalosporin - Answer- - Ceftazidime
- IV and IM forms
- excellent gram negative coverage
- used for difficult to treat organisms (like the lethal pneumonia)
- excellent spectrum coverage
- resistance is limiting usefulness
Cephalosporin: Fourth Gen - Answer- - newest version
, - broader spectrum of antibacterial activity than third-gen,especially against gram
positive bacteria
(T/F) does taking cephalosporin with alcohol increase effect of drug - Answer- False, it
reduces the effect
Cephalosporins: Common side effects - Answer- - mild diarrhea
- abd cramps
- rash pruritus
- redness
- edema
Adverse effects - Answer- - anaphylaxis
- pseudomembranous colitis
- seizures
- blood dyscrasia
What are carbapenems - Answer- - broadest antibacterial action of any antibotics to
date
- Reserved for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections in acutely ill
hospitalized patients
- Must be infused over 60 minutes
- May cause drug-induced seizure activity (reduced risk with proper dosage)
Example of carbapenems - Answer- - imipinem-cilastatin (primaxin)
- used for treatment of bone, joint, skin, and soft tissue in fections
- cilastatin inhibits an enzyme produced by the kidney that breaks down imipenem
Macrolides: Mechanism of Action - Answer- - Prevent protein synthesis within bacterial
cells
- Are considered bacteriostatic (bacteria will eventually die)
- In high enough concentrations, may also be bactericidal
Macrolides: indications - Answer- - strep infections
- mild to moderate upper/respiratory tract infections
- Spirochectal infections (syphillis and lyme disease)
- gonorrhea
- chlamydia
- mycoplasm
What are tetracyclines - Answer- - bacteriostatic
- inhibit protein synthesis
- stops many essential functions of bacteria
- broad spectrum
- dairy products, antacids, and iron reduce oral absorption of tetracyclines
