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PADM 5400 UNT MPA Comp Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025

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PADM 5400 UNT MPA Comp Exam
Questions & Answers 2024/2025

What is government's role in society? - ANSWERSGovernment provides the goods and services to the
public that they cannot provide for themselves. It also serves as a regulator agency that maintains order
for the day to day operations and functions of society

Private market doesn't provide the goods and services that the public market does because there is not
profit to be made. Private market calculates success based on the profits earned from the sales of goods
and services.

Additional revenue earned by the public sector is deposited into funds to be used to finance additional
projects.

Four types of goods and services - ANSWERSExcludable, non-excludable, rivalrous, non-rivalrous

Organized into a matrix grading them on their 'rivalry' referring to a good or service consumption in
which the value is assumed to be based on whether only one person can consume it & its 'excludability'
referring to whether or not someone can be excluded from a good or service if they do not pay

Non-rivalrous and non-excludable: Pure public good

Non-rivalrous and excludable: Toll good

Rivalrous and non-excludable: Common pool resources

Rivalrous and excludable: pure private good

Three functions of a budget - ANSWERSFinancial - accountability and transparency of government

Policy - list of priorities, what is important, what we are going to do

,Management - process that must be manages, way to hold employees accountable, monitor the org,
performance management

Public/nonprofit sector budget process vs. private sector - ANSWERS"Good" budgeting in
public/nonprofit orgs

1. Transparency

2. Accountability

3. Performance measures

4. Citizen input

Private budget documents are:

1. Simpler

2. Not as concerned about accountability

3. Have fewer performance measures

4. Have a broad outline of what they think they're going to do

5. More flexibility

6. Less transparency

7. Less outside input

Line item budgeting (late 19th century) - ANSWERSResponse to excesses of political machines that
controlled many governments

Format shifted power away from political bosses to legislative bodies, which were more accountable to
voters

Still most widely used format

Zero-based budgeting (1970s) - ANSWERSResponse to pressure to limit government spending

Focuses on inputs, organizing them into decision packages that

, reflect varying levels of effort and cost:

1. Base-level package - meets only basic service needs

2. Current services package - ensures delivery of services at

current level

3. Enhanced package - allows decision unit to extend

services to currently unmet needs

Target-based budgeting (1980s) - ANSWERSIntended to simplify budget prep, mitigate interdepartmental

conflict, and reduce gamesmanship in prep of budget requests

Budget offices gives each dept a maximum dollar figure for its

budget request

Budget office bases targets for each dept on rev estimates for next fiscal year and on any changes in
priorities communicated by policymakers

Performance budgeting (1950s, 1990s) - ANSWERSResponse to line-item budgeting providing no info on
outputs or level of efficiency

Program budgeting (1960s) - ANSWERSResponse to performance budgeting not addressing whether a
program is necessary or how best to allocate limited resources among competing purposes

Sought to interject policy analysis into fundamental budgetary decision making

Steps:

1. Organizes activities into programs (activities or services with a common goal)

2. Identifies alternatives for achieving each goal

3. Determines costs and benefits of each alternative

4. Selects the alternative that maximized net benefits

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