,Table of Content 2i 2i
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
2i 2i 2i
Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases .................................................................................................................. 13
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease ......................................................................................................................... 23
2i 2i 2i 2i
U SN T
2i 2i O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology ...................................................................................................... 27
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ......................................................................... 39
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
ology, 6th Edition....................................................................................................................................................... 48
2i 2i
Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity ................................................................................................................................ 60
2i 2i 2i
Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolo
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
gy, 6th Edition............................................................................................................................................................ 66
2i 2i
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease .................................................................................................................................. 76
2i 2i 2i 2i
Chapter 10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer Huether & McCance: Understanding Path
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
ophysiology, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................ 81
2i 2i
Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
2i 2i 2i
Chapter 12: Cancer in Children ................................................................................................................................. 91
2i 2i 2i 2i
Chapter 13: Structure and Function of theNeurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
y, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 94
2i 2i
Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
y, 6th Edition............................................................................................................................................................ 105
2i 2i
Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function .............................. 116
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
Chapter 16: Disorders of theCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systems and theNeuromuscular Junction ................ 126
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
Chapter 17: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 138
2i 2i
Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation.................................................................................................. 147
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................................... 156
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
ogy, 6th Edition........................................................................................................................................................ 169
2i 2i
Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematologic Function ................................................................................................... 176
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolo
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
gy, 6th Edition ......................................................................................................................................................... 192
2i 2i
Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Huether & McCance: Understa
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
nding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ......................................................................................................................... 200
2i 2i 2i
Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ............................................................................................... 210
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
U SN T
2i 2i O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
U SN T
2i 2i O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
U SN T
2i 2i O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapter 25: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
ogy, 6th Edition........................................................................................................................................................ 229
2i 2i
SNT
2i 2i 2 i 2 i O ..................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolo
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
gy, 6th Edition.......................................................................................................................................................... 236
2i 2i
Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ...................................................................................................... 245
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
, Chapter 28: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 257
2i 2i
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding Path
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
ophysiology, 6th Edition ......................................................................................................................................... 265
2i 2i
Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
y, 6th Edition ........................................................................................................................................................... 273
2i 2i
Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pat
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
hophysiology, 6th Edition ....................................................................................................................................... 280
2i 2i
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
ology, 6th Edition..................................................................................................................................................... 286
2i 2i
Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
6th Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 295
2i 2i
Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System...................................................................................... 300
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 305
2i 2i
Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function ........................................................................................................ 312
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
Chapter 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ..................................................................................... 325
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophy
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
siology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................................. 334
2i 2i
U SN T
2i 2i O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function ............................................................................................. 342
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
Chapter 40: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
ology, 6th Edition..................................................................................................................................................... 352
2i 2i
U SN T
2i 2i O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
ology, 6th Edition..................................................................................................................................................... 357
2i 2i
Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children............................................................................................ 366
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
2i 2i 2i
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
MULTIPLE CHOICE 2i
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2
with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
a. A single circular chromosome
2i 2i 2i
b. A nucleus 2i
c. Free-floating nuclear material 2i 2i
d. No organelles 2i
ANS: B 2 i
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nu
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
cleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryot
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
e contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
REF: p. 2 2i 2i
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
a. Metabolic absorption 2i
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D 2i
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability invol
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
ves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion a
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
llows for the synthesizing of new substances.
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
REF: p. 2 2i 2i
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2
the genetic information be contained?
i 2i 2i 2i 2i
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm 2i
ANS: C 2i
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic a
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
cid, most of the DNA, and DNA-
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i
REF: p. 2 2i 2i
