NURS 202 Midterm Exam Questions with
Complete Answers
What are the primary goals of nursing? - Answer-1. Determine client/family responses
to human problems, level of wellness and need for assistance
2. Provide physical care, emotional care, teaching, guidance and counselling
3. Implement interventions aimed at prevention and assisting the client to meet his or
her own needs and health-related goals
Define the Patient's Story - Answer-- Describes objective and subjective info about the
client that describes who they are as a person as well as they usual medical history
- Physiological, psychological and family characteristics
What are the characteristics of critical thinkers? - Answer-1. Raise questions
2. Show willingness to search for answers
3. Are inquisitive
4. Eager to acquire new knowledge
5. Consider multiple perspectives
6. Explore ideas/problems in new ways
7. Are open minded
Name the 5 phases of the nursing process - Answer-1. Assessment
- To gather and analyze information about the patient and their context from his/her
perspective
2. Nursing Diagnosis
- Also known as a diagnostic label
3. Planning: occurs from first contact until discharge (results in a care plan)
- outcomes and interventions
4. Implementation (nursing actions + rationale)
5. Evaluation
Describe the assessment phase of the nursing process - Answer-- To gather and
analyze information about the patient and their context from his/her perspective
- Can be gathered from family (not only biological)
- First step is to complete a thorough health and medical history and by listening to and
observing the client
- Use open ended questions
- "My assessment is..."
- Client's name should not be used on the student care plan
- Subjective & objective data
Describe subjective and objective data - Answer-1. Subjective data
- What a patient says
- Verbal description of health concern (i.e. symptoms)
,2. Objective data
- What you observe
- Measurements or observed findings of a patient's health status
- Often based on accepted standards (blood pressure, etc)
who can be your sources of data? - Answer-1. Patient (client) = primary source
2. Secondary sources - family/friends/other caregivers; patient records; formal care
providers; literature
In what situation would you use a secondary source for obtaining data? - Answer-in
situations where the patient is unable to advocate for themselves (i.e. an infant, a
person with a disability, intoxication, etc)
define clinical reasoning - Answer-a cognitive process that uses formal and informal
thinking strategies to father and analyze client info, evaluate the significance of this info
and determine the value of alternative actions
what is the difference between a nursing diagnosis and a medical diagnosis - Answer-
Medical diagnosis: diabetes mellitus
Nursing diagnosis (PES system aka problem, etiology, symptoms):
- Start with symptoms first because you will get those from assessments
- Problem → related to → reason
- Impaired comfort → r/t → blood glucose testing
what are the 3 types of diagnoses? - Answer-1. Problem-focused: judgment concerning
an undesirable human response to a health condition/life process
2. Risk Nursing: clinical judgment concerning the susceptibility of an individual family,
group or community for developing an undesirable human response to health
condition/life process
3. Health promotion: judgement concerning motivation and desire to increase well-being
and to actualize health potential
define outcomes and interventions in the planning phase of the nursing process -
Answer-1. Outcomes
- Ways to develop good outcomes
Using the NOC list
*Very specific and help by allowing the nurse to measure and record outcomes before
and after intervention
*Developing an appropriate outcome statement
Can increase client motivation to progress toward the goal
2. Interventions
- Independent interventions
*Autonomous actions that are initiated by the nurse in response to a nursing diagnosis
- Collaborative interventions
, *Actions that the nurse performs in collaboration with other health care professionals,
may require and health care provider's order and may be in response to both medical
and nursing diagnoses
define the priority settings - Answer-High - ABC's
Intermediate - non-emergent, non life-threatening
Low - what affects future well-being (i.e. long term health care needs)
what is the focus of the implementation phase? - Answer-focuses on symptom
management
Describe concept mapping - Answer-- Facilitates critical thinking and encourages
deeper understanding of the complexity of concepts that influence nursing practice
interventions
- Involves a diagram or pictorial representation of new ideas
- Begins with a central theme and then related information is radiated from the centre
- Client should be at centre of paper and then link the symptoms
- Can be used as a method for determining outcomes and interventions
What are the 6 competencies for nursing? - Answer-1. Patient-centered care
2. Teamwork and collaboration
3. Evidence-based practice
4. Quality improvement
5. Safety
6. Informatics
define patient-centered care - Answer-- patient is the source of control and full partner
on their preferences, needs and values
- addresses cultural needs
define evidence-based practice - Answer-Integration of best current evidence with
clinical expertise and client-family preference and values for delivery of optimal health
care
- A systematic process that uses current evidence in making decisions about the care of
clients, including evaluation of quality and applicability of existing research, client
preferences, clinical expertise and available health care resources
Define diagnostic reasoning - Answer-The process of analyzing health data and drawing
conclusions to identify diagnoses, based on scientific method
What are the 4 components to diagnostic reasoning? - Answer-1. Attending to initially
available cues
2. Formulating diagnostic hypotheses
3. Gathering data relative to the tentative hypotheses
4. Evaluating each hypothesis with the new data collected → final diagnosis
Complete Answers
What are the primary goals of nursing? - Answer-1. Determine client/family responses
to human problems, level of wellness and need for assistance
2. Provide physical care, emotional care, teaching, guidance and counselling
3. Implement interventions aimed at prevention and assisting the client to meet his or
her own needs and health-related goals
Define the Patient's Story - Answer-- Describes objective and subjective info about the
client that describes who they are as a person as well as they usual medical history
- Physiological, psychological and family characteristics
What are the characteristics of critical thinkers? - Answer-1. Raise questions
2. Show willingness to search for answers
3. Are inquisitive
4. Eager to acquire new knowledge
5. Consider multiple perspectives
6. Explore ideas/problems in new ways
7. Are open minded
Name the 5 phases of the nursing process - Answer-1. Assessment
- To gather and analyze information about the patient and their context from his/her
perspective
2. Nursing Diagnosis
- Also known as a diagnostic label
3. Planning: occurs from first contact until discharge (results in a care plan)
- outcomes and interventions
4. Implementation (nursing actions + rationale)
5. Evaluation
Describe the assessment phase of the nursing process - Answer-- To gather and
analyze information about the patient and their context from his/her perspective
- Can be gathered from family (not only biological)
- First step is to complete a thorough health and medical history and by listening to and
observing the client
- Use open ended questions
- "My assessment is..."
- Client's name should not be used on the student care plan
- Subjective & objective data
Describe subjective and objective data - Answer-1. Subjective data
- What a patient says
- Verbal description of health concern (i.e. symptoms)
,2. Objective data
- What you observe
- Measurements or observed findings of a patient's health status
- Often based on accepted standards (blood pressure, etc)
who can be your sources of data? - Answer-1. Patient (client) = primary source
2. Secondary sources - family/friends/other caregivers; patient records; formal care
providers; literature
In what situation would you use a secondary source for obtaining data? - Answer-in
situations where the patient is unable to advocate for themselves (i.e. an infant, a
person with a disability, intoxication, etc)
define clinical reasoning - Answer-a cognitive process that uses formal and informal
thinking strategies to father and analyze client info, evaluate the significance of this info
and determine the value of alternative actions
what is the difference between a nursing diagnosis and a medical diagnosis - Answer-
Medical diagnosis: diabetes mellitus
Nursing diagnosis (PES system aka problem, etiology, symptoms):
- Start with symptoms first because you will get those from assessments
- Problem → related to → reason
- Impaired comfort → r/t → blood glucose testing
what are the 3 types of diagnoses? - Answer-1. Problem-focused: judgment concerning
an undesirable human response to a health condition/life process
2. Risk Nursing: clinical judgment concerning the susceptibility of an individual family,
group or community for developing an undesirable human response to health
condition/life process
3. Health promotion: judgement concerning motivation and desire to increase well-being
and to actualize health potential
define outcomes and interventions in the planning phase of the nursing process -
Answer-1. Outcomes
- Ways to develop good outcomes
Using the NOC list
*Very specific and help by allowing the nurse to measure and record outcomes before
and after intervention
*Developing an appropriate outcome statement
Can increase client motivation to progress toward the goal
2. Interventions
- Independent interventions
*Autonomous actions that are initiated by the nurse in response to a nursing diagnosis
- Collaborative interventions
, *Actions that the nurse performs in collaboration with other health care professionals,
may require and health care provider's order and may be in response to both medical
and nursing diagnoses
define the priority settings - Answer-High - ABC's
Intermediate - non-emergent, non life-threatening
Low - what affects future well-being (i.e. long term health care needs)
what is the focus of the implementation phase? - Answer-focuses on symptom
management
Describe concept mapping - Answer-- Facilitates critical thinking and encourages
deeper understanding of the complexity of concepts that influence nursing practice
interventions
- Involves a diagram or pictorial representation of new ideas
- Begins with a central theme and then related information is radiated from the centre
- Client should be at centre of paper and then link the symptoms
- Can be used as a method for determining outcomes and interventions
What are the 6 competencies for nursing? - Answer-1. Patient-centered care
2. Teamwork and collaboration
3. Evidence-based practice
4. Quality improvement
5. Safety
6. Informatics
define patient-centered care - Answer-- patient is the source of control and full partner
on their preferences, needs and values
- addresses cultural needs
define evidence-based practice - Answer-Integration of best current evidence with
clinical expertise and client-family preference and values for delivery of optimal health
care
- A systematic process that uses current evidence in making decisions about the care of
clients, including evaluation of quality and applicability of existing research, client
preferences, clinical expertise and available health care resources
Define diagnostic reasoning - Answer-The process of analyzing health data and drawing
conclusions to identify diagnoses, based on scientific method
What are the 4 components to diagnostic reasoning? - Answer-1. Attending to initially
available cues
2. Formulating diagnostic hypotheses
3. Gathering data relative to the tentative hypotheses
4. Evaluating each hypothesis with the new data collected → final diagnosis
