CNUR 106
Theory - Answer- a belief or idea that develops based on information or evidence; a proposed explanation for observed phenomena
Psychoanalytic theory - Answer- Freud's theory of the development of personality; emphasis on the role of the unconscious
Psychosexual stages - Answer- F...
CNUR 106
Theory - Answer- a belief or idea that develops based on information or evidence; a
proposed explanation for observed phenomena
Psychoanalytic theory - Answer- Freud's theory of the development of personality;
emphasis on the role of the unconscious
Psychosexual stages - Answer- Freud's five distinct stages of development in which
a pleasure centre must be satisfied in order for the individual to resolve the inner
conflicts relating to his or her wants or needs
Defence mechanisms - Answer- psychological strategies to cope with anxiety or
perceived threats
Repression - Answer- a defence mechanism in which traumatic and unacceptable
thoughts and memories are removed from consciousness and pushed to the
unconscious level
Id - Answer- Freud's structure of mind relating to our basic instincts; strikes to secure
pleasure
Ego - Answer- Freud's notion of the central part of our personality; keeps id in check
Superego - Answer- Freud's concept of our conscience; internal determinant of right
and wrong
Psychosocial theory - Answer- Erikson's stage theory that emphasizes the impact of
social experiences throughout human development
Life crisis - Answer- Erik son's term to describe the main tension that individuals
experience and seek to resolve during each of eight life stages
Identity crisis - Answer- Erik son's term for a situation, usually in adolescence, that
causes us to make major decisions about our identity
Object permanence - Answer- the realization that objects continue to exist even
when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched
Cognitive structures - Answer- Piaget's term to describe the basic tools of cognitive
development
Adaptation - Answer- a mechanism that consists of the two functional invariants-
assimilation and accommodation- in Piaget's theory
Assimilation - Answer- Piaget's term to describe the manner in which we incorporate
date into our cognitive structures
, Accommodation - Answer- Piaget's term to describe the manner by which cognitive
structures change
Equilibration - Answer- Piaget's term to describe the balance between assimilation
and accommodation
Schemes - Answer- Piaget's term for organized patterns of thought and action
Zone of proximal development (ZPD) - Answer- Vygotsky's term for a range of ability
in a given task, where the higher limit is achieved through interaction with others
Information-processing theory - Answer- cognitive theory that uses a computer
metaphor to understand how the human mind processes information
Classical conditioning - Answer- the learning process in which a neutral stimulus
produces an involuntary response that is usually elicited by another stimulus
Positive reinforcement - Answer- an event that increases the likelihood of a desired
response in the future
Negative reinforcement - Answer- an event that, when it ceases to occur, makes that
response more likely to happen in the future
Operant conditioning - Answer- the use of consequences (reinforcement,
punishment) to modify or shape voluntary behaviour or actions
Punishment - Answer- process by which an unpleasant response is paired with an
undesired behaviour to decrease the likelihood of that behaviour occurring in the
future
Extinction - Answer- the systematic process in which behaviours are de-conditioned
or eliminated
Modelling - Answer- Bandura's term for observational learning
Observational learning - Answer- Bandura's term to explain the information we obtain
from observing other people, things, and events
Social (cognitive) learning theory - Answer- Bandura's explanation for the process
whereby the information we glean from observing others influences our behaviour
Self-efficacy - Answer- a person's belief that she can behave in a certain way to
achieve a desired goal
Reciprocal interactions - Answer- our responses to others around us, which causes
changes in those other people; their responses to us then change, which intern
produces new changes in us
Bioecological model - Answer- the continuity and change in the biopsychosocial
characteristics of human beings, both as individuals and as groups
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Freshy. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
