ASB 222 EXAM 1
In an ideal world archeology... - Answer- reflects the past perfectly
Pompeii - Answer- -Ash fell up to 6 inches an hour and made buildings collapse; Covered buildings and people acting as a mold, ultimately preserving the forms of the perished people.
- Pyroclastic surge: pi...
ASB 222 EXAM 1
In an ideal world archeology... - Answer- reflects the past perfectly
Pompeii - Answer- -Ash fell up to 6 inches an hour and made buildings collapse;
Covered buildings and people acting as a mold, ultimately preserving the forms of
the perished people.
- Pyroclastic surge: pieces of volcanic debris that rolled down the mountain at
extremely high speeds; what really killed people
○ Erupted August 25th
Archeological Record - Answer- study of past behavior and formation processes
(how archeological records are formed)
Dynamic and Archeological Context - Answer- - Dynamic: actively being used in time
period
- Archeological: things we are looking at now from the past
Formation Processes - Answer- - When dynamic context switches to archeological
context
- Transform the material remnants of past behavior
- They can:
- Modify objects
- Move objects around
- Dissociate objects that were used together
- Can create spurious association between unrelated objects
Decrease/increase quantities of objects
Depositional Processes - Answer- Transforms material remnants from dynamic to
archeological context
Cultural Disturbance processes - Answer- Change the materials within the
archeological record itself
- EX: looting
Preservation Processes - Answer- Affect the survival of material remains in
archeological context
Natural Disturbance Processes - Answer- Change the materials within the
archeological record itself
Archeological Data - Answer- - Minimal:
- Artifacts: are cultural, moveable objects
- Ecofacts: plant or animal remains
- Features: are non-portable object modified; in whole or in part; by human activity
- Composite:
- Burial: are features that contain human (or animal) remains. Sometimes
associated with artifacts
, - Sites: are places where artifacts, ecofacts, or features have been found
Thomas Jefferson - Answer- ○ brought American archeology into more of a
profession
○ Conducted the first archeological expedition
○ Grave Creek Mound, West Virginia = in his backyard; decided to build a trench
across it; found that the mounds were actually burials from NA tribes
Paleontologists - Answer- ○ study dinosaurs not archeologists
○ Is the study of past life, and uses its source info from fossil records
Archeology - Answer- ○ is the study of the human past through the study of material
culture
○ Starts 2.6 million years ago when materials start to appear (archeological record)
○ Both history and science
§ History tends to focus on a particular part of the past
Science tends to focus on the regularities across a class of events
History - Answer- ○ is the study of the human past using written records (books,
maps, etc.)
○ Starts close to present, about 5.4 thousand years ago
○ Prehistory - period of human history "before" the advent of writing
○ History - period of human history "after" the advent of writing
Anthropology: 4 fields discipline - Answer- ○ Franz Boas - father of American
anthropology
○ Studies people from a variety of POV's
○ 4 fields
§ Biological (physical) : study of human biological or physical remains
§ Linguistic : study of language with focus on its interaction with cognition, culture
and society
§ Cultural : study of the non- aspects of human behavior and society
§ Archeology: study of the human past
Goals of Archeology - Answer- ○ Reconstruct the history of the human population
(what? When? Where?)
Examples:
§ What happened here?
§ What were the people doing here?
§ What type of tools were they using?
§ When did they arrive? Leave?
§ Where did they cone from?
§ Where did they go?
○ Explain this history (Why?)
§ Why did we disperse around the globe as rapidly?
Antiquity of Mankind - Answer- Establishment of the deep antiquity of human past
paved the way towards modern archeology. James Usher's "young earth",
uniformitarianism, Jacque Boucher de Perthes
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