MICN201 Physiology Cardiovascular Exam With
Complete Solutions
What is the formula for MABP? - Answer CO x TPR
What is the formula for CO? - Answer HR x SV
What are the responses to baroreceptor reflexes? - Answer A decrease in heart rate,
reduction in stroke volume and decrease in TPR.
What are baroreceptor reflexes attempting to maintain? - Answer MABP
What are the stages of response to haemorrhage? - Answer Hypotension causes a
baroreceptor reflex which decreases heart rate, reduces stroke volume and decreases
TPR to reduce the change in MABP. From there, fluid will shift from the capillaries.
Finally, fluid volume will be replaced by the function of ADH.
What are the exceptions to the parallel nature of the systemic circulation? - Answer In
the renal system, blood is filtered through the glomerulus before it supplies the rest of
the kidneys. In the splanchnic system, There is a hepatic artery and splenic artery which
lead into the hepatic vein and portal vein respectively. The portal vein then leads into the
hepatic vein.
What is the structure of an AV valve? - Answer Chordae tendinae attached to ventricular
muscles, ensuring one way flow to the ventricle.
What are the names of the AV valves and which side are they on? - Answer The mitral
valve is on the left side and the tricuspid valve is on the right side.
, What are the names of the semilunar valves and which side are they on? - Answer The
aortic valve is on the left side and the pulmonary valve is on the right side.
Which valves are open in systole and closed in diastole? - Answer The semilunar valves
Which valves are open in diastole and closed in systole? - Answer The AV valves.
What are the 5 phases of the cardiac cycle? - Answer Atrial depolarisation, ventricle
depolarisation, isovolumetric contraction, ejection and isovolumetric relaxation.
What happens in the atrial depolarisation phase of the cardiac cycle? - Answer The
atrium contracts and the rising pressure ejects blood into the ventricles.
What happens in the ventricular depolarisation phase of the cardiac cycle? - Answer
The ventricles contract, developing tension and elevating left ventricular pressure.
What happens in the isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle? - Answer
Both sets of valves are closed at this point, so the pressure increases with no change in
blood volume
What happens in the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle? - Answer When pressure in
ventricles is higher than in the aorta and pulmonary arteries, blood is ejected from the
ventricles
What happens in the isovolumetric relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle? - Answer All
valves are shut and the ventricle is relaxing. This phase is short as the atrium fills
quickly from the circulation due to its low pressure, and pressure in the atrium quickly
increases.
What are the phases of a Sino-atrial node action potential? - Answer Prepotential,
upstroke and repolarisation.
Complete Solutions
What is the formula for MABP? - Answer CO x TPR
What is the formula for CO? - Answer HR x SV
What are the responses to baroreceptor reflexes? - Answer A decrease in heart rate,
reduction in stroke volume and decrease in TPR.
What are baroreceptor reflexes attempting to maintain? - Answer MABP
What are the stages of response to haemorrhage? - Answer Hypotension causes a
baroreceptor reflex which decreases heart rate, reduces stroke volume and decreases
TPR to reduce the change in MABP. From there, fluid will shift from the capillaries.
Finally, fluid volume will be replaced by the function of ADH.
What are the exceptions to the parallel nature of the systemic circulation? - Answer In
the renal system, blood is filtered through the glomerulus before it supplies the rest of
the kidneys. In the splanchnic system, There is a hepatic artery and splenic artery which
lead into the hepatic vein and portal vein respectively. The portal vein then leads into the
hepatic vein.
What is the structure of an AV valve? - Answer Chordae tendinae attached to ventricular
muscles, ensuring one way flow to the ventricle.
What are the names of the AV valves and which side are they on? - Answer The mitral
valve is on the left side and the tricuspid valve is on the right side.
, What are the names of the semilunar valves and which side are they on? - Answer The
aortic valve is on the left side and the pulmonary valve is on the right side.
Which valves are open in systole and closed in diastole? - Answer The semilunar valves
Which valves are open in diastole and closed in systole? - Answer The AV valves.
What are the 5 phases of the cardiac cycle? - Answer Atrial depolarisation, ventricle
depolarisation, isovolumetric contraction, ejection and isovolumetric relaxation.
What happens in the atrial depolarisation phase of the cardiac cycle? - Answer The
atrium contracts and the rising pressure ejects blood into the ventricles.
What happens in the ventricular depolarisation phase of the cardiac cycle? - Answer
The ventricles contract, developing tension and elevating left ventricular pressure.
What happens in the isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle? - Answer
Both sets of valves are closed at this point, so the pressure increases with no change in
blood volume
What happens in the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle? - Answer When pressure in
ventricles is higher than in the aorta and pulmonary arteries, blood is ejected from the
ventricles
What happens in the isovolumetric relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle? - Answer All
valves are shut and the ventricle is relaxing. This phase is short as the atrium fills
quickly from the circulation due to its low pressure, and pressure in the atrium quickly
increases.
What are the phases of a Sino-atrial node action potential? - Answer Prepotential,
upstroke and repolarisation.
