NUR 2063 Final Exam Study Guide
1. What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?
Answer
Sign - Objective (Erythema, Edema, lesion)
Symptom - Subjective (Headache, sore, tired)
2. Na - Sodium
Answer
136-144 mEq
Hyponatremia - anorexia, gastrointestinal upset, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes,
blood pressure changes, pulse changes, edema, headache, lethargy, confusion, diminished deep
tendon reflexes, muscle weakness, seizures, and coma
|
Hypernatremia - increased temperature, warm and flushed skin, dry and sticky mucous
membranes, dysphagia, increased thirst, irritability, agitation, weakness, headache, seizures
3. K - Potassium
Answer
o 3.7-5.2 mEq |
Hypokalemia - muscle weakness, paresthesia, hyporeflexia, leg cramps, weak and irregular
pulse, hypotension, dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, decreased bowel sounds,
abdominal distension, constipation, ileus, and cardiac arrest|
Hyperkalemia - paresthesia, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, bradycardia, dysrhythmias,
electrocardiogram changes, cardiac arrest, respiratory depression, abdominal cramping,
nausea, and diarrhea
4. Mg - Magnesium
Answer
.8-2.5 mEq | Hypermagnesemia - Same as hypercalcemia | Hypomagnesemia - same as
hypocalcemia
,5. Ca - Calcium
Answer
4 - 5 mEq |
Hypercalcemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, personality changes, confusion,
decreased memory, headache, lethargy, stupor, coma, muscle weak- ness, decreased deep
tendon reflexes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, renal
calculi, polyuria, and dehydration |
Hypocalcemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleeding tendencies,
anxiety, confusion, depression, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, paresthesia, increased deep tendon
reflexes, tremors, muscle spasms, seizures, laryngeal spasms, increased bowel sounds,
abdominal cramping, and positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs
6. P - Phosphorus
Answer
.5 - 4.5 mg |
Hyperphosphatemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleed-
ing tendencies, anxiety, confusion, depression, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, paresthesia, increased
deep tendon reflexes, tremors, muscle spasms, seizures, laryngeal spasms, increased bowel
sounds, abdominal cramping, and positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs
Hypophosphatemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, personality changes, confusion,
decreased memory, headache, lethargy, stupor, coma, muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon
reflexes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
7. Function of ribosomes
Answer
Synthesizes proteins
8. · Hypervolemia
Answer
Fluid volume excess in intravascular space
9. · Hypovolemia
Answer
,Fluid volume deficit in intravascular space
10. · Homeostasis
Answer
State of balance - reached by positive and negative feedback - self regulated
11. · How does a vaccine provide immunity?
Answer
Active immunity - antigen exposure
12. · Active immunity
Answer
Vaccine, or having the virus - Body builds immunity through exposure
13. · Passive immunity
Answer
Receiving antibodies from external source - breastfeeding
14. · identify examples of malignant cells
Answer
Rapid growing, metastasis, fatal, un- differentiated
15. · Assessment findings for localized inflammation
Answer
Destroyed tissue, red- ness, swelling, heat, pain, function loss
16. o Type I
Answer
IgE mediated
Answer
Hay fever, food allergy, anaphylaxis
17. o Type II IgM/IgG
, Answer
cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
Blood transfusion re- action, erythroblastosis fetalis
18. o Type III
Answer
immune complex-mediated
Autoimmune conditions - Lupus
19. o Type IV
Answer
delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Tuberculin skin testing, trans- plant reactions, contact dermatitis
20. · What findings would you expect in someone with an anaphylactic reac- tion?
Answer
Bronchodilation, airway constriction,
21. Manifestations of a type 1 hypersensitivity
Answer
GI allergy Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Skin manifestations Urticaria (hives) Mucosa allergens
Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma Lung allergens
Bronchospasm, edema, thick secretions
22. · Manifestations of fight/flight response
Answer
Increase HR, increased respirations, diaphoresis, pupil dilation, increased blood flow to
muscles, strength, alertness, decreased inflammation
1. What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?
Answer
Sign - Objective (Erythema, Edema, lesion)
Symptom - Subjective (Headache, sore, tired)
2. Na - Sodium
Answer
136-144 mEq
Hyponatremia - anorexia, gastrointestinal upset, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes,
blood pressure changes, pulse changes, edema, headache, lethargy, confusion, diminished deep
tendon reflexes, muscle weakness, seizures, and coma
|
Hypernatremia - increased temperature, warm and flushed skin, dry and sticky mucous
membranes, dysphagia, increased thirst, irritability, agitation, weakness, headache, seizures
3. K - Potassium
Answer
o 3.7-5.2 mEq |
Hypokalemia - muscle weakness, paresthesia, hyporeflexia, leg cramps, weak and irregular
pulse, hypotension, dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, decreased bowel sounds,
abdominal distension, constipation, ileus, and cardiac arrest|
Hyperkalemia - paresthesia, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, bradycardia, dysrhythmias,
electrocardiogram changes, cardiac arrest, respiratory depression, abdominal cramping,
nausea, and diarrhea
4. Mg - Magnesium
Answer
.8-2.5 mEq | Hypermagnesemia - Same as hypercalcemia | Hypomagnesemia - same as
hypocalcemia
,5. Ca - Calcium
Answer
4 - 5 mEq |
Hypercalcemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, personality changes, confusion,
decreased memory, headache, lethargy, stupor, coma, muscle weak- ness, decreased deep
tendon reflexes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, renal
calculi, polyuria, and dehydration |
Hypocalcemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleeding tendencies,
anxiety, confusion, depression, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, paresthesia, increased deep tendon
reflexes, tremors, muscle spasms, seizures, laryngeal spasms, increased bowel sounds,
abdominal cramping, and positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs
6. P - Phosphorus
Answer
.5 - 4.5 mg |
Hyperphosphatemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleed-
ing tendencies, anxiety, confusion, depression, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, paresthesia, increased
deep tendon reflexes, tremors, muscle spasms, seizures, laryngeal spasms, increased bowel
sounds, abdominal cramping, and positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs
Hypophosphatemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, personality changes, confusion,
decreased memory, headache, lethargy, stupor, coma, muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon
reflexes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
7. Function of ribosomes
Answer
Synthesizes proteins
8. · Hypervolemia
Answer
Fluid volume excess in intravascular space
9. · Hypovolemia
Answer
,Fluid volume deficit in intravascular space
10. · Homeostasis
Answer
State of balance - reached by positive and negative feedback - self regulated
11. · How does a vaccine provide immunity?
Answer
Active immunity - antigen exposure
12. · Active immunity
Answer
Vaccine, or having the virus - Body builds immunity through exposure
13. · Passive immunity
Answer
Receiving antibodies from external source - breastfeeding
14. · identify examples of malignant cells
Answer
Rapid growing, metastasis, fatal, un- differentiated
15. · Assessment findings for localized inflammation
Answer
Destroyed tissue, red- ness, swelling, heat, pain, function loss
16. o Type I
Answer
IgE mediated
Answer
Hay fever, food allergy, anaphylaxis
17. o Type II IgM/IgG
, Answer
cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
Blood transfusion re- action, erythroblastosis fetalis
18. o Type III
Answer
immune complex-mediated
Autoimmune conditions - Lupus
19. o Type IV
Answer
delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Tuberculin skin testing, trans- plant reactions, contact dermatitis
20. · What findings would you expect in someone with an anaphylactic reac- tion?
Answer
Bronchodilation, airway constriction,
21. Manifestations of a type 1 hypersensitivity
Answer
GI allergy Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Skin manifestations Urticaria (hives) Mucosa allergens
Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma Lung allergens
Bronchospasm, edema, thick secretions
22. · Manifestations of fight/flight response
Answer
Increase HR, increased respirations, diaphoresis, pupil dilation, increased blood flow to
muscles, strength, alertness, decreased inflammation
