Lifespan Development Exam #1 (Chapters 1-3) Questions and Answers(Graded A)
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Course
Lifespan Development
Institution
Lifespan Development
evelopment - ANSWER-The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life span. Most development involves growth, although it also includes decline brought on by aging and dying
Life-span perspective - ANSWER-The perspective that development is lifelong, multidimensional...
Lifespan Development Exam #1 (Chapters 1-3)
Questions and Answers(Graded A)
Development - ANSWER-The pattern of change that begins at conception and
continues through the life span. Most development involves growth, although it also
includes decline brought on by aging and dying
Life-span perspective - ANSWER-The perspective that development is lifelong,
multidimensional, multi-directional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual; involves
growth, maintenance, and regulation' and is constructed through biological,
sociocultural, and individual factors working together
Normative age-graded influences - ANSWER-Influences that are similar for individuals
in a particular age group
Normative history-graded influences - ANSWER-Influences that are common to people
of a particular generation because of historical circumstances
Non-normative life events - ANSWER-Unusual occurences that have a major impact on
a individual's life
Culture - ANSWER-The behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group that
are passed on from generation to generation
Cross-cultural studies - ANSWER-Comparison of one culture with one or more other
cultures. These provide information about the degree to which development is similar,
or universal, across cultures, and the degree to which it is culture-specific
Ethnicity - ANSWER-A characteristic based on cultural heritage, nationality
characteristics, race, religion, and language
Socioeconomic status (SES) - ANSWER-Refers to the grouping of people with similar
occupational, educational, and economic characteristics
Gender - ANSWER-That characteristics of people as males or females
Social Policy - ANSWER-A national government's course of action designed to promote
the welfare of its citizens
Biological Processes - ANSWER-Changes in an individual's physical nature
Cognitive Processes - ANSWER-Changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and
language
, Socioemotional processes - ANSWER-Changes in an individual's relationships with
other people, emotions, and personality
Nature-nurture issue - ANSWER-Debate about whether development is primarily
influenced by nature or nurture. Nature refers to an organism's biological inheritance,
nurture to its environmental experiences
Stability-change issue - ANSWER-Debate about whether we become older renditions of
our early experience (stability) or whether we develop into someone different from who
we were at an earlier pint in development (change)
Continuity-discontinuity issue - ANSWER-Debate about the extent to which
development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages
(discontinuity)
Scientific method - ANSWER-An approach that can be used to obtain accurate
information. It includes the following steps:
1) Conceptualize the problem
2) Collect Data
3) Draw Conclusions
4) Revise Research Conclusions & Theory
Theory - ANSWER-An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain
phenomena an facilitate predictions
Hypotheses - ANSWER-Specific assumptions and predictions that can be tested to
determine their accuracy
Psychoanalytic theories - ANSWER-Theories that describe development as primarily
unconscious and heavily colored by emotion. Behavior is merely a surface
characteristic, and the symbolic working of the mind have to be analyzed to understand
behavior. Early experiences with parents are emphasized.
Erikson's theory - ANSWER-Includes eight stages of human development. Each stage
consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must
be resolved
Piaget's theory - ANSWER-Theory stating that children actively construct their
understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development
Vygotsky's theory - ANSWER-A sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how
culture and social interaction guide cognitive development
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