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NSG 5440 Exam 1 Question and answers already passed NSG 5440 Exam 1 Indicators of health literacy ch 2 - correct answer the degree to which an individual is capable of obtaining, processing, and applying basic health information. *In addition to general literacy and numeracy skills, health ...

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  • October 31, 2024
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NSG 5440 Exam 1
Indicators of health literacy ch 2 - correct answer ✔the degree to which an
individual is capable of obtaining, processing, and applying basic health
information.
*In addition to general literacy and numeracy skills, health literacy requires
knowledge of health topics
*Limited health literacy has been linked to poor disease management skills,
medication treatment errors, difficulties navigating the healthcare system, and
poorer health care comes for themselves and their families
*ReachOutAndRead


Haploid cells ch 3 - correct answer ✔describes a cell that contains a single
set of chromosomes. which are also called gametes.


Genetic mutation symbols ch 3 - correct answer ✔symbols include del, for
deletion; dup, for duplication; and + indicating an increased or − indicating a
decrease in number.


Homozygous ch 3 - correct answer ✔two alleles similar (YY or yy)
a child with cystic fibrosis may have identical CFTR gene sequences (e.g.,
mutation F508del) in both alleles


heterozygous ch 3 - correct answer ✔two alleles different (Yy)
only one copy of the mutation allele and one copy of a normal allele.


Autosomal recessive ch 3 - correct answer ✔Requires inheritance of two
copies of mutated gene; one from each parent

,*Offspring with only one copy are carriers *Carriers may pass genes to
children, but are themselves unaffected
*Risk for inheriting is 25% for each child, 50% risk for being a carrier; 25% risk
of being unaffected


Autosomal Recessive Examples ch 3 - correct answer ✔Cystic fibrosis
albinism
PKU
thalassemia
sickle cell anemia.


Autosomal Dominant - correct answer ✔*inheritance of single copy of
mutated gene
*Passed on from only one parent, but results in genetic disorder because
gene is dominant
*Donating parent has disorder
*Risk for inheriting is 50% for each child


X-Linked Dominant Examples - correct answer ✔Rett syndrome, vitamin D-
resistant rickets


Autosomal Dominant Examples - correct answer ✔Huntington disease
Noonan syndrome
neurofibromatosis type 1.


X-linked recessive - correct answer ✔Usually occurs in males who have only
one X chromosome

,*50% chance that each son will be affected. Daughters have a 50% chance of
being a carrier like their mothers


X-link Dominant - correct answer ✔A single abnormal gene on the X
chromosome causes disease
*If father affected and mother not, all-female offspring will inherit the disease
*If mother affected and father not, 50% chance that each daughter/son will
inherit


X-Linked Recessive Examples - correct answer ✔Hemophilia A and B,
Duchene muscular dystrophy.


"single-gene" examples - correct answer ✔sickle cell disease, thalassemia,
neurofibromatosis, hemophilia, Duchene muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis,
fragile X syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, Marfan syndrome, and Tay-
Sachs disease.


"single-gene" - correct answer ✔disorders (also referred to as monogenetic
disorders) occur when the mutation affects one gene. The mutation may be
present on one or both chromosomes, associated with one of three different
Mendelian patterns of inheritance—dominant, recessive, or X-linked.


"Multifactorial" genetic disorders - correct answer ✔result from a combination
of genetic and environmental factors.
*These disorders can cluster in families; the exact recurrence risk is difficult to
predict because the individuals' or couples' precise genetic and environmental
risks are usually not known.


"Multifactorial" genetic disorders example - correct answer ✔neural tube
defects (NTD), such as spina bifida or anencephaly. NTDs appear in females
more often than in males, and once a child is born with an NTD, the chance

, for those parents to have another child with an NTD in a future pregnancy
increases


Diagnostic studies for genetics - correct answer ✔*National Recommended
Universal Screening Panel (RUSP), - 31 core/26 secondary conditions for
screening
*Prenatal screening- To detect genetic/congenital disorders before birth
•Chorionic villus sample
•Amniocentesis


Cystic fibrosis - correct answer ✔A genetic disorder that occurs in people
with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive
secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.


hemophilia - correct answer ✔An X-linked recessive disorder in which blood
fails to clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding if injured.


Sickle Cell - correct answer ✔a genetic disorder that causes abnormal
hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle
shape


Chromosome (Ch. 3) - correct answer ✔as a long arm (q) and a short arm
(p). Geneticists often use a diagram, or ideogram, which shows a
chromosome's size and banding pattern.


Diagnostic genetic testing - correct answer ✔*Used to confirm diagnosis
*Main types: karyotype, FISH, biochemical testing, chromosomal microarray,
molecular testing, next generation sequencing

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