Explain the negative feedback loop process correct answers the stimulus (ex. cold air) will act on the receptors of the body, and the receptors will tell the body what the external environment is like, then the receptors send the stimulus signal to the integrating center, which will process the sti...
KIN 310 Exam 1 || A Verified A+ Pass.
Explain the negative feedback loop process correct answers the stimulus (ex. cold air) will act on
the receptors of the body, and the receptors will tell the body what the external environment is
like, then the receptors send the stimulus signal to the integrating center, which will process the
stimulus, then activate the appropriate effector (cells or organ) which will work to cancel out the
stimulus and return the body back to its setpoint
What is the difference between homeostasis and steady state? correct answers -homeostasis: your
body working to keep its internal environment constant by resisting changes to maintain its
predetermined set point
-steady state: the internal environment is not at its homeostatic set point, but it is still maintained
and unchanging one you reach steady state
What is VO2? correct answers oxygen is required to convert chemical energy into mechanical
work and to create ATP
What is the difference between steady state and incremental exercise? correct answers -steady
state: exercise intensity stays constant; VO2 increases initially, then levels off and stays the same
-incremental: intensity of exercise is increasing over time; VO2 increases until it reaches its max
What do enzymes do? correct answers lower the activation energy of a reaction by acting as a
catalyst, this makes the reaction occur more efficiently (not faster)
What are the two enzyme hypothesises? correct answers -lock and key: a specific reactant will
only fit into a specific enzyme
-induced fit: catalytic is similar to the reactant on the enzyme but not exact, so the enzyme will
form a complementary shape so that the reactant can bind to it
What is an anabolic and catabolic reaction? correct answers -anabolic: synthesize (build)
molecules
-catabolic: break down molecules
What is an endergonic and exergonic reaction? correct answers -endergonic: need an energy
investment to occur
-exergonic: gives off energy when they occur; for the endergonic to use
What is a coupled reaction? correct answers one reaction drives another to occur
What is an oxidation and reduction reaction? correct answers a coupled reaction involving the
transfer of electrons. OIL RIG; oxidation is losing an electron, reduction is gaining an electron
In an oxidation and reduction reaction, which is the reducing agent and which is the oxidizing
agent? correct answers oxidation is reducing agent and reduction is oxidizing agent
Is oxygen involved in oxidation and reduction reactions? correct answers no
transferases + example correct answers catalyze a reaction that transfers elements from one
molecule to another
-hexokinase converting glucose to glucose-6-phosphate
hydrolases correct answers breaks up bonds by adding water
isomerases correct answers rearranges molecules to create a new molecule
ligase correct answers bonds two substrates together to form something new
Identify factors that influence enzyme function correct answers -temperature
-pH
-concentration of enzyme
-concentration of substrate
How does temperature affect enzyme activity? correct answers raising temp. will start to increase
enzyme activity; unless temp. is too high then the enzymes will not work, same thing if temp. is
too low
How does pH affect enzyme activity? correct answers doesn't change enzyme activity much, but
the enzymes won't work if it is too acidic or too basic; ideal is 7.4
How does concentration of enzyme affect enzyme activity? correct answers more enzymes will
increase enzyme activity until it eventually plateaus when substrates run out
How does concentration of substrates (carbs + fats) affect enzyme activity? correct answers
increasing substrate will infinitely increase enzyme activity because substrates can be reused
How does exercise influence enzyme function? correct answers you can create more enzymes
and more substrates through exercise, which will allow more reactions to be run and more
efficiently
What are substrates used for ATP production? correct answers -carbs
-fats
-protein (but not rlly)
What are the 3 kinds of carbs? correct answers -monosaccharides: simple sugars (glucose,
fructose, galactose)
-disaccharides: 2 simple sugars joined together (sucrose, lactose, maltose)
-polysaccharides: multiple sugars joined together (starches)
What are the 4 kinds of fats? correct answers -fatty acids
-triglycerides
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