Behaviorism - Answers -learning is a process of accessing and changing associations
btw stimuli and responses (Skinner, Thorndike, & Pavlov)
Social Cognitive Theory - Answers -Focus on how people learn by observing one
another (Bandura)
Information Processing Theory - Answers -processes within learners' minds; learning,
memory, and performance
Constructivism - Answers -people construct or create knowledge based on experiences
and interactions (Piaget & Bruner)
Sociocultural Theory - Answers -combination of social, cultural, and historical contexts
in which a learner exists influence knowledge construction (Vygotsky)
3 Domains of Bloom's Taxonomy - Answers -Cognitive, performance/psychomotor,
affective
Bandura - Answers -social/observational learning theory; children learn by observing
others; MODELING/learning vicariously
Distributed Cognition - Answers -Bandura; a person can learn more from a group than
s/he can alone
Bruner - Answers -discovery learning and scaffolding
Dewey - Answers -learning through experience; individuality, freedom of expression,
project-based learning, problem solving
, Erickson (7-12 Only) - Answers -Adolescence (12-18)--identity v. role confusion,
creating a sense of identity
Gilligan - Answers -stages of the ethics of care; female-centered
Kohlberg - Answers -Theory of Moral Reasoning; 9-20 = conventional (good boy/girl,
law and order)
Maslow - Answers -Hierarchy of Needs; lower needs must be met before higher needs
can be satisfied (psychological --> safety --> love/belonging --> esteem --> self-
actualization)
Montessori - Answers -"follow the child"; introduce a concept, process / develop
understanding, "knowing"
Piaget (7-12 Only) - Answers -Formal operational (11+)--use reason in hypothetical
situations, use of abstract thought
Skinner - Answers -Operant conditioning; learning is a function of change in observable
behavior
Vygotsky - Answers -zone of proximal development; socialization is key to learning
accomodation - Answers -responding to a new event or object by changing an existing
scheme or creating a new scheme
assimilation - Answers -responding to a new event or object that is consistent with an
existing scheme
classical conditioning - Answers -Pavlov; process of behavior modification that causes a
person to respond in a desired manner to what was once a neutral stimulus
conservation - Answers -knowing that a number or amount stays the same when
rearranged or presented in a different shape
convergent thinking - Answers -a process of gathering pieces of information to solve a
problem
creativity - Answers -new and original behavior that creates a culturally appropriate
product
declarative knowledge - Answers -knowledge of what is; what is being learned
procedural knowledge - Answers -knowledge of how to; how to complete thinking and
acquire content
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