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NREMT Airway, Respiration, & Ventilation questions with correct answers
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NREMT Airway, Respiration, & Ventilation questions with correct answers
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NREMT Airway, Respiration, & Ventilation questions withcorrect answers
ventilation Correct Answer-the physical act of moving air into and out of
the lungs
inhalation Correct Answer-diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract,
creating negative pressure within the thorax, which allows air to enter
the body
partial pressure Correct Answer-the amount of gas in the air or dissolved
in fluid, such as blood
deoxygenated arterial blood from the heart has a partial pressure of O2
that is lower than the partial pressure of CO2 in the pulmonary
capillaries. the body attempts to equalize the partial pressure, which
results in O2 diffusion across the membrane into the blood
tidal volume Correct Answer-measure of the amount of air in milliliters
that is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath
adult tidal volume Correct Answer-500 mL
hypoxia Correct Answer-condition in which the tissues and cells of the
body do not get enough O2
hypoxic drive
,definition, most common patients Correct Answer-differs from primary
control of breathing in that it uses levels of O2 to control bleeding, not
CO2
typically seen in patients with late-stage COPD
oxygenation Correct Answer-the process of loading O2 molecules onto
hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream
does not guarantee that internal respiration is taking place. ventilation
without oxygenation can occur in places where O2 levels in the
breathing air are depleted, such as in mines, confined spaces, or high
altitudes
respiration Correct Answer-the actual exchange of O2 and CO2 in the
alveoli and in tissues of the body
cells take energy from nutrients through a chemical process known as
metabolism (cellular respiration)
surfactant purpose Correct Answer-reduces surface tension within
alveoli and keeps them expanded, making it easier for gas exchange to
occur
,chemoreceptors function Correct Answer-monitor levels of O2, CO2,
hydrogen ions, and the pH of cerebrospinal fluid to provide feedback to
the respiratory centers
when serum CO2 or hydrogen ions levels increase, chemoreceptors
stimulate the medulla to increase respiratory rate
cause of most abnormalities of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
Correct Answer-failure to match ventilation and perfusion
signs of normal breathing for adults Correct Answer-- 12-20 breaths per
minute
- regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation
- bilateral clear and equal lung sounds
- regular, equal chest rise and fall
- adequate depth (tidal volume)
signs of abnormal breathing Correct Answer-<12 breaths per minute
more than 20 breaths in the presence of shortness of breath (dyspnea)
- irregular rhythm
- diminished, absent, or noisy auscultated breath sounds
- reduced flow of expired air at nose or mouth
- increased effort of breathing (use of accessory muscles)
- shallow depth (reduced tidal volume)
- pale, cyanotic, cool, or moist skin
, - skin pulling in around ribs or above clavicles during inspiration
agonal gasps Correct Answer-occasional, gasping breaths that occur
after the heart has stopped
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
definition, common patients Correct Answer-an abnormal pattern of
breathing characterized by breathing with increased rate and depth of
respirations followed by apnea
commonly seen in patients with stroke or head injury
ataxic respirations
definition
common patients Correct Answer-respirations that are irregular,
ineffective, and do not have an identifiable pattern
may follow serious head injuries
Kussmaul respirations Correct Answer-deep, rapid respirations
commonly seen in patients with metabolic acidosis (diabetic
ketoacidosis)
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