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WSU bio 251 exam 2 ( johnson) questions with correct answers
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WSU bio 251 exam 2 ( johnson) questions with correct answers
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WSU bio 251 exam 2 ( johnson) questions with correctanswers
Central Nervous System Correct Answer-brain (enclosed within skull)
plus the spinal cord (within the vertebral column)
what does the cns consist of Correct Answer--consists of neurons plus
neuroglia cells (supportive cells)
-Approx. one trillion cells in CNS
-90% CNS composed of neuroglial cells
Five types of neuroglial cells Correct Answer-1. Astrocytes- numerous
functions
2. Ependymal cells- line fluid filled cavities in brain
3. Microglia- immune cells (protect against foreign matter)
4.Oligodendrocytes
5.Schwann cells (located in PNS)
two cells that form myelin Correct Answer-Oligodendrocytes and
Schwann cells
what is Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Correct Answer-1. Extracellular fluid
of the CNS
,2. Secreted by ependymal cells in brain
3. Functions
a. Cushions and "floats" brain
b.Maintains stable interstitial fluid environment
4. Diagnostic role
what is a lumar puncture Correct Answer-Collect cerebrospinal fluid
surrounding spinal cord (continuous with CSF in brain)
Blood Supply to the CNS Correct Answer-1. comprises 2% of body
weight ( 3-4 pounds) and recived 15% of blood supply
2. has a high metabloic rate
a. Brain uses 20% of O2 in body and 50% of glucose
3. it depends on blood flow for energy
a. Obligate glucose use (except extreme starvation)
b. No glucose stores
c.Fatty acids not used for energy
how is a Stroke caused Correct Answer-1. Caused by decreased blood
supply
a. Blockage of cerebral blood vessels
b. Hemorrhage from cerebral blood vessels
,Blood-Brain Barrier Correct Answer-1. Capillaries = Site of exchange
between blood and CSF
2. Blood-Brain Barrier= Special anatomy of capillaries in CNS limit
exchange
3. Tight junctions between cells in brain capillaries
a. Exchange dependent on transport through capillary cells (not between
cells)
b. Allows selectivity- these cells have specific transport proteins
c. Maintained by astrocytes
Major Subdivisions of the Brain Correct Answer-1. Brainstem
a. Midbrain, Pons, &Medulla
2. Cerebellum
3. Thalamus
4. Hypothalamus
5. Cerebrum (Cerebral Cortex)
Brainstem Correct Answer-1. Continuous with spinal cord
a. midbran, pons, and medulla
2. Controls many involuntary functions
a. Cardiovascular center; Respiratory center
, 3. Controls involuntary eye movement- fix gaze on objects
4. Reticular formation: group of neurons that maintain consciousness
(wake-sleep cycles, alertness)
Cerebellum Correct Answer-1. Coordination of body movements
2. Fine control of movement/adjustmet of movement
a. Allows for smooth, refined movements
b. Damage to cerebellum inability to start and stop movements quickly
3. balance
Thalamus Correct Answer--Sensory relay to cerebral cortex
1.All sensory input except olfaction (smell) passes through thalamus
2.Some processing of sensory information
a. Some info enhanced; other info "toned down"
b. After processing, most info relayed to cortex
Hypothalamus Correct Answer--Located beneath thalamus
1. controls homeostatic fucntions
a. like food intake, thermo, urine output. hormone secretion, and
coordinate ans
Cerebral Cortex (Cerebrum) Correct Answer-1. larget reagion in human
brain
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