MN553 Pharmacology Unit 2 Quiz
What properties affect the distribution of drugs - -drug size, charge,
chemical structure, pH, molecular size, lipid or water solubility
- first pass metabolism - -metabolism by the liver following oral
administration
- Phase 1 reactions - -Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis or non-synthetic
reactions that prepare the drug for further metabolism - to make the drug
more water soluble
- Phase II reactions - -synthetic or conjugation reactions, something is
added to drug to make it more water soluble and more easily excreted by
the kidneys
- CYP P450 - -Liver *enzyme* that detoxifies substances,
Makes them easier to be excreted.
- single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) - -minor mutations that can result in
metabolic activity changes, including increased and decreased drug
responses
- primary organ of excretion for drugs - -kidney
- blood flow differences in infants - -increased blood flow to muscles 1-6 mo
EXCEPT during illness, can cause slower or rapid perfusion
- Pediatric GI function - -pH increases gradually- reaches adult levels @ 20-
30 months preemies are even slower
- Diarrhea and kids - -kids with diarrhea have poor absorption of oral drugs
- Pediatric skin absorption - -Kids have thinner stratum corneum so topical
medications are absorbed more readily: increased risk of toxicity
- Infants and Lipid Soluble drugs - -decreased volume distribution, less
plasma proteins for binding, require higher doses of hydrophilic drugs
- CYP1A2 (phase 1 enzyme) pediatric - -reaches adult level by 4 mo and
then higher than adult levels through childhood then declines
- CYP2D2 (Phase 1 enzyme) pediatric - -absent or 5% active at birth reaches
adult levels by 3-5 yrs but has significant genetic variability
What properties affect the distribution of drugs - -drug size, charge,
chemical structure, pH, molecular size, lipid or water solubility
- first pass metabolism - -metabolism by the liver following oral
administration
- Phase 1 reactions - -Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis or non-synthetic
reactions that prepare the drug for further metabolism - to make the drug
more water soluble
- Phase II reactions - -synthetic or conjugation reactions, something is
added to drug to make it more water soluble and more easily excreted by
the kidneys
- CYP P450 - -Liver *enzyme* that detoxifies substances,
Makes them easier to be excreted.
- single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) - -minor mutations that can result in
metabolic activity changes, including increased and decreased drug
responses
- primary organ of excretion for drugs - -kidney
- blood flow differences in infants - -increased blood flow to muscles 1-6 mo
EXCEPT during illness, can cause slower or rapid perfusion
- Pediatric GI function - -pH increases gradually- reaches adult levels @ 20-
30 months preemies are even slower
- Diarrhea and kids - -kids with diarrhea have poor absorption of oral drugs
- Pediatric skin absorption - -Kids have thinner stratum corneum so topical
medications are absorbed more readily: increased risk of toxicity
- Infants and Lipid Soluble drugs - -decreased volume distribution, less
plasma proteins for binding, require higher doses of hydrophilic drugs
- CYP1A2 (phase 1 enzyme) pediatric - -reaches adult level by 4 mo and
then higher than adult levels through childhood then declines
- CYP2D2 (Phase 1 enzyme) pediatric - -absent or 5% active at birth reaches
adult levels by 3-5 yrs but has significant genetic variability
