LATENT PHASE - ANS Cervical dilation: o cm 3 cm
Onset of labor
Contractions • Irregular, mild to moderate • Frequency: 5 to 30 min • Duration: 30 to 45 seconds
ACTIVE PHASE - ANS 1 cm/hr M: 1.5 cm/hr 4 cm 7 cm Contractions • More regular, moderate to strong Frequency:...
LATENT PHASE - ANS Cervical dilation: o cm 3 cm
Onset of labor
Contractions • Irregular, mild to moderate • Frequency: 5 to 30 min • Duration: 30 to 45 seconds
ACTIVE PHASE - ANS 1 cm/hr M: 1.5 cm/hr 4 cm 7 cm Contractions • More regular,
moderate to strong Frequency: 3 to 5 min • Duration: 40 to 70 seconds
TRANSITION - ANS 8 cm 10 cm Contractions • Strong to very strong • Frequency: 2 to 3
min • Duration: 45 to 90 seconds
FIRST STAGE of Labor - ANS LATENT PHASE, ACTIVE PHASE, TRANSITION
SECOND STAGE - ANS Full dilation Progresses to intense contractions every 1 to 2 min
Pushing results in birth of fetus
THIRD STAGE - ANS Delivery of the neonate
Delivery of placenta
Schultze presentation: - ANS shiny fetal surface of placenta emerges first
Duncan presentation: - ANS dull maternal surface of placenta emerges first
FOURTH STAGE - ANS Delivery of placenta
Maternal stabilization of vital signs
Cervical ripening - ANS becomes soft (opens) and partially effaced, and can begin to dilate
amniotic fluid: - ANS should be watery, clear, and have a slightly yellow tinge. Odor should
not be foul. Volume is between 700 and 1,000 ml.
Passenger - ANS Consists of the fetus and the placenta.
, passageway - ANS Birth canal
Powers - ANS Contractions
Position - ANS Of the woman
Psychological response - ANS Maternal stress, tension, and anxiety can produce,
physiological changes that impair the progress of labor
Attitude: - ANS Relationship of fetal body parts to one another
Fetal flexion: - ANS Chin flexed to chest, extremities flexed into torso
Fetal extension: - ANS Chin extended away from chest extremities extended
Station: - ANS Measurement of fetal descent in centimeters with station o being at the level
of an the level of the ischial spines, minus stations superior to imaginary line at the ischial
spines, and plus stations inferior to the ischial spines.
Leopold maneuvers: - ANS Abdominal palpation of the fetal presenting part, attitude
External electronic monitoring (tocotransducer) - ANS Separate transducer applied to the
maternal abdomen Qver the fundus that measures uterine activity
External fetal monitoring (EFM) - ANS Transducer applied to the abdomen of the client to
assess FHR patterns during labor and birth
Group B streptococcus - ANS Culture is obtained if results are not available from screening
at 35 to 37 weeks. If positive, an intravenous prophylactic antibiotic is prescribed.
Urinalysis: - ANS Clean-catch urine sample obtained to assess the client for: o Dehydration
via specific gravity Ketonuria (impaired nutrition or uncontrolled glucose) Proteinuria, which can
be indicative of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia Glucosuria which can be indicative of
gestational diabetes ° Urinary tract infection (more common in clients who have (UTI) via
bacterial count diabetes mellitus)
Frequency: - ANS Established from the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of
the next
Duration: - ANS Time between the beginning of a contraction to the end of that same
contraction
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