Radiation Safety Exam
Terrestrial radiation - Answer-Natural background radiation that results from the presence of naturally occurring radioactivity in the soil and earth
Cosmic radiation - Answer-Natural background radiation that results from the interaction of particles originating in oute...
Radiation Safety Exam
Terrestrial radiation - Answer-Natural background radiation that results from the
presence of naturally occurring radioactivity in the soil and earth
Cosmic radiation - Answer-Natural background radiation that results from the
interaction of particles originating in outer space with the earth's atmosphere
Internal Radioactivity - Answer-Natural background radiation due to naturally
occurring radionuclides that have been deposited in the human body via either
ingestion or inhalation
300 millirem - Answer-Average annual effective dose equivalent in the US (200
millirem attributed to radon gas)
Medical radiation - Answer-average per capita effective radiation dose equivalent is
approximately 53 millirem per year
Department of Transport - Answer-DOT
Occupational safety and Health Administration - Answer-OSHA
Environmental Protection Agency - Answer-EPA
Nuclear Regulatory Commission - Answer-NRC
International Commission on Radiological Protection - Answer-ICRP
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements - Answer-NCRP
DOT, OSHA, EPA, NRC, ICRP, NCRP - Answer-Agencies responsible for radiation
safety and control
5 rems per year - Answer-Occupational Dose Limit for effective dose equivalent
15 rems per year - Answer-Occupational Dose Limit for Lens of the eyes
50 rems per year - Answer-Occupational Dose limit for any organ or tissue
.5 rem per gestation period - Answer-Occupational dose limit for embryo/fetus of a
declared pregnancy
.1 rem per year - Answer-General Public dose limit for effective dose equivalent
NCRP recommends that the EDE due to work-related exposure not exceed the
worker's age in years - Answer-Additional guidelines of NCRP
As low as reasonably achievable - Answer-ALARA acronym
, Maintain radiation doses to personnel in medical institutions to 10% or less of the
federal limits of occupational exposure - Answer-ALARA implementation
Personnel Dosimeters - Answer-devices worn by individuals exposed to ionizing
radiation to evaluate and document their cumulative external radiation doses
Body Dosimeters - Answer-utilize "optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)". Called
"Luxel" dosimeters. Very sensitive to ionizing radiation.
Ring Dosimeters - Answer-are "thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs)". Used to
measure doses to the hands of certain personnel. Should be worn like a
conventional ring.
Shallow dose, deep dose, lens dose - Answer-three doses the luxel body dosimeter
can report
Shallow dose - Answer-dose equivalent computed for a tissue depth of 0.007 cm
(skin dose)
Deep dose - Answer-dose equivalent computed for a tissue depth of 1.0 cm
Lens dose - Answer-dose equivalent computed for a tissue depth of .3 cm (thickness
of the lens of each eye)
Geiger Muller Instruments - Answer-utilize a gas detector that is capable of detecting
beta, gamma, and x-radiation. Uses mR/hr for gamma and x, but uses counts per
minute (cpm) for beta.
Ionization Chamber Survey Instruments - Answer-Measure radiation exposure in
roentgens. CAn be used at higher exposure rate levels. Considerably more
expensive than Geiger
Scintillation Survey Instruments - Answer-utilize a solid sodium iodide crystal
coupled to a sensitive photomultiplier tube as a detector. Excellent at locating
multiple sources or identifying areas of contamination
Recognizing sources of potential external exposure and controlling internal
contamination - Answer-Good radiation hygiene
Time, Distance, and Shielding - Answer-three cardinal principles for controlling
external radiation
square of the distance from the source - Answer-exposure level varies inversely with
Exposure rate constant - Answer-exposure rate in air due to a small unit source of
activity at a standard distance. Also called the gamma-factor
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