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BSNC 5000 – Pediatrics questions with correct answers
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BSNC 5000 – Pediatrics questions with correct answers
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BSNC 5000 – Pediatrics questions with correctanswers
Differences in Neurological System Correct Answer-Infants
- immature nerve myelination (lower pain threshold)
- underdeveloped peripheral nervous system (poor thermoregulation,
gross motor movements)
Children:
- cognitive and psychological development varies with age (impact on
the strategies used to evaluate and manage neurology)
Differences in HEENT Correct Answer-Infants:
- infants and small children have smaller airways (Minor injuries and
slight swelling can rapidly compromise their ability to breath.)
- newborns have 2 fontanels. The anterior closes at 10-16 months, and
the posterior closes at birth-3 months (gives them an additional means
for compensating in the event of increased intracranial pressure)
Children:
- young children have relatively large heads and underdeveloped
musculature (sustain higher proportions of isolated head injuries than
older children and obtain more upper C-spine region injuries)
- under the age of 8 they are susceptible to spinal cord injury without
radiological abnormality (SCIWORA)
,Differences in Respiratory System Correct Answer-Infants:
- Infants < 6 months are obligate nose breathers (respiratory distress if
object in nose)
- Higher oxygen requirements and smaller respiratory reserve (more
prone to desaturation)
Children:
- Smaller airways and lung volumes (increased resistance to airflow and
risk of obstruction)
- Limited energy reserves (RR is high which leads to fatigued chest wall
musculature and diaphragm)
- Immature development of respiratory musculature and compliant rib
structure (compliant ribs can cause chest wall to collapse and w/
increasing effort and ventilation can become compromised)
Differences in Cardiovascular System Correct Answer-CO = HRXSV
Infants:
Children:
- Circulating blood volume is relatively larger and muscle mass of heart
is immature (small blood losses can have a greater impact and they
cannot increase stroke volume to increase cardiac output; they can only
increase their heart rate)
- SV is lower in children so they compensate by increasing HR (when
they begin to decompensate they cannot sustain their cardiac output at a
level that maintains their cardiovascular functioning and deteriorate
quickly) *low BP is a sign of decompensation
,Differences in Gastrointestinal System Correct Answer-Children:
- children have smaller stomachs their stomach empties faster, and their
small intestine is proportionately longer than that of an adult ( secrete
proportionately more fluids & electrolytes into the intestine than adults
do so when they have a GI illness they are prone to severe fluid &
electrolyte depletion due to the increase % of their body composition
being water)
- the liver in children is immature (they are unable to reabsorb amino
acids and hold onto fluids so they are at an increase risk for dehydration)
Differences in Genital-Urinary System Correct Answer-Infants:
- infants have immature kidneys until 12 months of age and have a
decreased ability to concentrate urine (heightened risk for severe
dehydration)
Differences in Muscle-Skeletal System Correct Answer-Infants:
Children:
- bones are more elastic, bones bend more easily resulting in greenstick
fractures, and faster bone healing unless break is in epiphyseal plates
which can cause impact on bone growth
- liver and spleen are less protected by the rib cage and are thus at
greater risk from blunt abdominal trauma
Differences in Skin Correct Answer-Infants
, - acrocrocyanosis is normal (blood and oxygen are circulating to more
important areas of the body)
Children:
- larger surface area / volume ratio (greater risk of hypothermia after
trauma)
Assessment techniques needed in pediatrics Correct Answer-- use warm
hands and stethoscope
- use play strategies
- don't forget about modesty
- simple language to prevent confusion
- be honest
- include families as it allows children to trust you
- child life specialist can help engage the child
- smile.
Role of a pediatric nurse Correct Answer-- therapeutic relationship
- family advocacy and caring
- disease prevention and health promotion
- health teaching and educator
- support counselling
- coordination and collaboration
- ethical decision making
- research
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