BSNC 5000 OB Final questions with correct answers
Describe the psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy for mother, partner,
sibling(s) and other caregivers Correct Answer-Maternal/paternal
adaptation: accepting the pregnancy → identifying with the
mother/father role → reordering personal relationships → establishing a
relationship with the fetus → preparing for childbirth
Sibling adaptation: concerns about losing their place in the family
hierarchy
Other caregivers: grandparents can act as a family historian, experienced
caregivers can act as resource persons who share knowledge, any
caregivers can provide support to strengthen the family system and
widen the circle of nurturance
Describe the stages of a healthy pregnancy and normal growth and
development. Correct Answer-Ovum/pre-embryonic: conception until
day 14
- Covers cellular replication, blastocyst formation, initial development of
the embryonic membranes, and establishment of the primary germ layer
Embryo: day 15 until 8 weeks after conception
- Most critical time in the development of the organ systems and the
main external features. Developing areas with rapid cell division are the
most vulnerable areas to malformation caused by environmental
teratogens
Membranes, amniotic fluid, yolk sac, umbilical cord, placenta
Fetus: 9 weeks until pregnancy ends
,- Refinement of structure until fetus reaches viability
Teratogens Correct Answer-Something that is going to affect the
anatomical or the physiological development of the embryo during the
embryonic stage and/or the fetus during the fetal stage
It can cause the termination of the pregnancy before it even happens
(depends on type of teratogen and severity of exposure, typically occurs
during early days of pregnancy)
Examples: alcohol and tobacco products; environmental toxins,
chemicals, radiation; some prescription medications; maternal medical
conditions; infections (TORCH)
Causes of developmental malformations Correct Answer-20-25%:
genetic anomalies
5%: environmental factors (intrauterine infections, maternal metabolic
disorders, environmental chemicals, drugs, medications, radiation, etc.)
65-75%: multifactorial or unknown (ex. genetic + environmental)
When is exposure to teratogens most severe Correct Answer-week 5
(embryonic period, weeks 3 to 8) as this is when all organ systems are
being laid down
,prior to embryonic period, there are no organ systems developing yet
(just cellular division), so there are no structural defects (however
exposure can prevent implantation to uterine wall)
List TORCH infections Correct Answer-Toxoplasmosis
Other symptoms such as syphilis, parvovirus, and Hep B
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Modes of transmission of TORCH infections Correct Answer-
VERTICAL TRANSMISSION (mother to baby in utero):
- transplacental transmission (maternal circulation --> placenta --> fetal
blood supply) (all except Hep B)
- contact with cervical or vaginal secretion during birthing process
(syphilis, CMV, HSV, Hep B)
- By breastmilk in premature and IUGR infants (CMV)
- During c-section where child is exposed to blood
Toxoplasmosis Correct Answer-a parasite acquired through
undercooked meat or spores from cat litter
, treatment helps prevent passage through placenta, reducing rate of
infection by up to 60%
Often causes hearing loss
Syphilis Correct Answer-bacterium
can cause hydrops fetalis
if mom is not treated: still birth 25%, neonatal death 14%, congenital
syphilis 41%
if syphilis during pregnancy is untreated, 70-100% of neonates born will
have symptomatic congenital syphilis (hydropic and anemia with
enlarged liver and spleen), with fetal demise occuring in 40% of these
pregnancies
Parvovirus B19 Correct Answer-Virus
vertical transmission rate of 25-50%
Can cause hydrops fetalis, 13% spontaneous loss before 20 weeks
gestation
Describe the psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy for mother, partner,
sibling(s) and other caregivers Correct Answer-Maternal/paternal
adaptation: accepting the pregnancy → identifying with the
mother/father role → reordering personal relationships → establishing a
relationship with the fetus → preparing for childbirth
Sibling adaptation: concerns about losing their place in the family
hierarchy
Other caregivers: grandparents can act as a family historian, experienced
caregivers can act as resource persons who share knowledge, any
caregivers can provide support to strengthen the family system and
widen the circle of nurturance
Describe the stages of a healthy pregnancy and normal growth and
development. Correct Answer-Ovum/pre-embryonic: conception until
day 14
- Covers cellular replication, blastocyst formation, initial development of
the embryonic membranes, and establishment of the primary germ layer
Embryo: day 15 until 8 weeks after conception
- Most critical time in the development of the organ systems and the
main external features. Developing areas with rapid cell division are the
most vulnerable areas to malformation caused by environmental
teratogens
Membranes, amniotic fluid, yolk sac, umbilical cord, placenta
Fetus: 9 weeks until pregnancy ends
,- Refinement of structure until fetus reaches viability
Teratogens Correct Answer-Something that is going to affect the
anatomical or the physiological development of the embryo during the
embryonic stage and/or the fetus during the fetal stage
It can cause the termination of the pregnancy before it even happens
(depends on type of teratogen and severity of exposure, typically occurs
during early days of pregnancy)
Examples: alcohol and tobacco products; environmental toxins,
chemicals, radiation; some prescription medications; maternal medical
conditions; infections (TORCH)
Causes of developmental malformations Correct Answer-20-25%:
genetic anomalies
5%: environmental factors (intrauterine infections, maternal metabolic
disorders, environmental chemicals, drugs, medications, radiation, etc.)
65-75%: multifactorial or unknown (ex. genetic + environmental)
When is exposure to teratogens most severe Correct Answer-week 5
(embryonic period, weeks 3 to 8) as this is when all organ systems are
being laid down
,prior to embryonic period, there are no organ systems developing yet
(just cellular division), so there are no structural defects (however
exposure can prevent implantation to uterine wall)
List TORCH infections Correct Answer-Toxoplasmosis
Other symptoms such as syphilis, parvovirus, and Hep B
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Modes of transmission of TORCH infections Correct Answer-
VERTICAL TRANSMISSION (mother to baby in utero):
- transplacental transmission (maternal circulation --> placenta --> fetal
blood supply) (all except Hep B)
- contact with cervical or vaginal secretion during birthing process
(syphilis, CMV, HSV, Hep B)
- By breastmilk in premature and IUGR infants (CMV)
- During c-section where child is exposed to blood
Toxoplasmosis Correct Answer-a parasite acquired through
undercooked meat or spores from cat litter
, treatment helps prevent passage through placenta, reducing rate of
infection by up to 60%
Often causes hearing loss
Syphilis Correct Answer-bacterium
can cause hydrops fetalis
if mom is not treated: still birth 25%, neonatal death 14%, congenital
syphilis 41%
if syphilis during pregnancy is untreated, 70-100% of neonates born will
have symptomatic congenital syphilis (hydropic and anemia with
enlarged liver and spleen), with fetal demise occuring in 40% of these
pregnancies
Parvovirus B19 Correct Answer-Virus
vertical transmission rate of 25-50%
Can cause hydrops fetalis, 13% spontaneous loss before 20 weeks
gestation
