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Pharmacology: Cardiovascular & Renal Drugs questions with correct answers
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Pharmacology: Cardiovascular & Renal Drugs questions with correct answers
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Pharmacology: Cardiovascular & Renal Drugsquestions with correct answers
Define: Atherosclerosis Correct Answer-narrowing of the arterial lumen
caused by plaque of cholesterol other lipids and cellular debris in the
inner layers of the wall of arteries
Define: Arteriosclerosis Correct Answer-the thickening and hardening of
the walls of the arteries
Define: Coronary artery disease (CAD) Correct Answer-abnormal
condition that may affect the heart's arteries reducing flow of oxygen
and nutrients to the myocardium - most common cause of death in the
western world
Whats the most common cause of death in the western world? Correct
Answer-Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Define: Heart failure Correct Answer-a condition where the heart cannot
pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirements of the body
tissues
Define: CHF Correct Answer-a condition in which the heart muscle fails
to effectively pump blood through the cardiovascular system leading to a
buildup of blood or congestion in the system
,Define: Angina pectoris Correct Answer-paroxysmal thoracic pain
caused most often by myocardial anoxia as a result of atherosclerosis or
spasm of the coronary arteries
Define: Hypertension Correct Answer-elevated blood pressure over
140/90
Define: Thrombus Correct Answer-an aggregation of platelets, fibrin,
clotting factors and cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior
wall of a vein or artery, sometimes occluding the lumen of the vessel
Define: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) Correct Answer-"mini stroke"
an episode of cerebrovascular insufficiency, usually associated with the
occlusion of a cerebral artery by atherosclerotic plaque or an embolus.
The Symptoms vary with the site and degree of occlusion. The attack
usually last a few minutes to several hours.
Define: ischemia Correct Answer-loss of blood flow
Preload Correct Answer--The force of venous return
-the amount of tension (stretch) applied to a muscle prior to contraction.
-The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole (end
diastole pressure)
What is Stroke Volume? Correct Answer-is the amount of blood ejected
by the left ventricle in one contraction.
,What does preload effect? Correct Answer--Stroke volume
An increase in preload will increase stroke volume where a decrease in
preload will decrease stroke volume
Afterload Correct Answer-Restistence the left ventricle most overcome
to circulate blood
-the load against which a muscle exerts its force
What does after load effect? Correct Answer-If afterload increases
stroke volume will decrease, if afterload decreases stroke volume will
increase
Positive Inotrope Correct Answer-Increases contraction force,
makes the heart beat stronger
Negative Inotrope Correct Answer-Decreases contraction force
Positive Chronotrope Correct Answer-Increases Heart Rate
Negative Chronotrope Correct Answer-Decreases Heart Rate by slowing
SA depolarization
-lower heart rate increases filling time leading to an increase in stroke
volume and cardiac output=more blood pumped
, Positive Dronotrope Correct Answer-Speeds up electrical activity
Negative Dronotrope Correct Answer-Slows electrical activity
Decrease AV node conductivity
Cardiac Glycosides...AKA Correct Answer-Digoxin (lanoxin)
***Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin)***
Therapeutics Correct Answer-treats:
1-Heart Failure (CHF)b/c
----positive inotrope
2-Atrial fibrillation b/c
----Negative Chronotrope
----Negative Dromotrope
Digoxin helps... Correct Answer-strengthen the heart beat and relieve
ankle swelling
Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin) Therapeutic range Correct Answer--
Narrow
- low potassium (hypokalemia) increases toxicity
***Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin)***
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