WGU D311 Microbiology 2024 study for OA
What is a characteristic of rhizospheres? - ANS The rhizosphere is where plants release organic compounds that can be metabolized by microbes into soil.
Which environment would contain microbes that are psychrophilic? - ANS Glaciers
What ...
What is a characteristic of rhizospheres? - ANS The rhizosphere is where plants release
organic compounds that can be metabolized by microbes into soil.
Which environment would contain microbes that are psychrophilic? - ANS Glaciers
What is the role of nematodes in soil? - ANS They photosynthesize and fix nitrogen.
Which eukaryote is responsible for producing antibiotics to ward off bacterial competitors? -
ANS Fungi
Which symbiotic relationship is an example of mutualism? - ANS The relationship between
humans and the Escherichia coli colonizing the human gut
Which type of symbiotic relationship exists between the Escherichia coli (E. coli) that inhabit the
human gut and the humans who utilize the vitamin K produced by E. coli? - ANS Mutualism
Which description of resident microbiota is true? - ANS Resident microbiota constantly live on
the human body.
Which relationship is exhibited by intestinal Escherichia coli and their human host? - ANS
Mutualism
Which type of disease is transmitted from animals to humans? - ANS Zoonotic diseases
Which type of disease is acquired in hospital settings? - ANS Nosocomial diseases
Which portal of exit can expel the most viral particles? - ANS Respiratory
Which type of disease is sickle cell anemia? - ANS Noninfectious
Which type of transmission occurs when tuberculosis is spread through small particles expelled
by a cough? - ANS Droplet transmission
Which type of transmission occurs when pathogens are spread from mother to child during
breastfeeding? - ANS Vertical direct contact transmission
,Which type of transmission occurs when an arthropod carries a viral pathogen inside of its
body? - ANS Biological vector transmission
Which type of transmission occurs through contact with a fomite? - ANS Indirect contact
transmission
Which infected host would be considered a passive carrier? - ANS A healthcare professional
who does not wash their hands after seeing an infected patient
How is Giardia lamblia, the causative agent of giardiasis, transmitted? - ANS Contaminated
food or water
Which organism is the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii? - ANS Birds
Which disease is transmitted by animals but not arthropods? - ANS Rabies
How can adhesins be described? - ANS Adhesins found on the surface of pathogens bind to
receptors of host cells.
Which description indicates a portal of entry? - ANS Body features through which pathogens
can enter host tissue
Pathogens produce proteins to prevent the fusion of the phagosome and the lysosome
(phagolysosome).Why does this virulence factor facilitate invasion? - ANS It prevents the
exposure of pathogens to lethal digestive enzymes.
Which action refers to a secondary infection? - ANS An infection by one pathogen enables
another pathogen to cause an infection.
What differentiates signs from symptoms of disease? - ANS Signs are measurable; symptoms
are subjective.
Which procedure does a clinician use to measure a symptom? - ANS Asking patients to rate
pain on a numerical scale
During which stage of an infection does a patient feel the worst? - ANS The period of illness
stage
What defines the end of the incubation period for an infectious disease? - ANS The
appearance of nonspecific signs or symptoms of disease
How does the epidermis help prevent infection and disease? - ANS It provides a harsh
environment for most pathogens and periodically sheds
, How does the complement system contribute to the innate immune response? - ANS It is
composed of proteins that can be activated by the presence of pathogens to form the
membrane attack complex (MAC).
Why are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) considered an innate immune function? - ANS AMPs
are produced both routinely and as a response to pathogens.
Which terms refer to monocytes when they differentiate into tissue-specific phagocytes? - ANS
Macrophages and dendritic cells
What is specifically being reported if the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports
10,000 new cases of COVID-19? - ANS Incidence
What is the difference between prevalence and incidence? - ANS Prevalence refers to the total
number of infections; incidence refers only to new cases.
Which term refers to a disease that occurs on a worldwide scale at a given time? - ANS
Pandemic
Why are etiologic agents significant to epidemiologists? - ANS Etiologic agents are the
pathogens that cause disease.
Which kind of diseases must be reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in
order to prevent future pandemics? - ANS Notifiable diseases
How does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) obtain the latest data on
typical illnesses to publish in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)? - ANS
Through mandatory reporting of notifiable disease cases by healthcare providers
What can cause an infectious disease to become a reemerging disease? - ANS The
responsible pathogen becomes drug resistant.
What does the World Health Organization (WHO) do to prevent future pandemics? - ANS The
WHO maintains a global alert and response system from data from multiple countries.
A patient taking the antibiotic cephalexin for a urinary tract infection developed severe diarrhea
two days after completing the five-day course of treatment.
What is an explanation for the development of this patient's diarrhea? - ANS Cephalexin
disrupted the normal intestinal microbiome.
Store-bought, packaged soil used to promote rapid plant growth was accidentally irradiated,
thus killing the bacteria that had been in the soil.
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