Rutgers General Psychology Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions

Rutgers General Psychology Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions Biological Neuroscientific - ANSWER-How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences. Example) Biological; cognitive, clinical Evolutionary - ANSWER-Natural Science of Traits. How the the natural selection of trains has promoted the survival of genes Example) Biological; developmental; social Behavior Genetics - ANSWER-How our genes and our environment influence our individual differences Example) Personality; developmental; legal/forensic Psychoanalytic - ANSWER-How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts Example) Clinical; counseling; personality Behavioral - ANSWER-How we learn observable responses Example) Clinical; Counseling; industrial-organizational Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 2/15 Cognitive - ANSWER-How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information Example) Cognitive neuroscience; clinical; counseling; industrial organization Social-Cultural - ANSWER-How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures What contributions did Wundt, Titchener, and James make to psychology? - ANSWER-Wilhelm Wundt- First Psychological Laboratory(1879) E.B Titchener- structuralism- the analysis of mental structures William James-Functionalism- the study of how the mind works What is introspection? - ANSWER-Introspection: is the examination of one's conscious thoughts and feelings. What is structuralism? - ANSWER-Structuralism: early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind. What is functionalism? - ANSWER-Functionalism: early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish What is hindsight bias? - ANSWER-The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. What is the scientific method? - ANSWER-A design to study to test the hypothesis Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 3/15 What is a hypothesis? - ANSWER-A testable prediction, often implied by a theory What is an operational definition? - ANSWER-Statement about the procedure the researcher used to measure a variable What is a case study? How is it limited? - ANSWER-Descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles What is naturalistic observation? How is it limited? - ANSWER-A descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation What is the survey method? - ANSWER-Survey Method: asking people questions about their thoughts, feelings, desires, and actions and recording their answers. What are wording effects? - ANSWER-How the phrasing of ques