EXSS 288 Final Exam UPDATED
Questions And CORRECT Answers
An injury to what body part has good potential to result in permanent disability or death? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Head and neck
True or false: head and neck injuries cannot occur together. - CORRECT ANSWER -
False
Head and neck injuries can occur together
True or false: treat a neck injury as if it was also a head injury until an MD proves otherwise. -
CORRECT ANSWER - True
How are skull fractures classified? List the different classifications of a skull fracture? -
CORRECT ANSWER - They are classified by appearance
Linear: straight line
Ring
Pond
Compound: open
Mosaic
Depressed: fragment of bone depresses from original
What is the most common type of skull fracture? - CORRECT ANSWER - Depressed
What is often times the MOI of a skull fracture? - CORRECT ANSWER - Direct blow or
fall from a height
,What are signs and symptoms of a skull fracture? - CORRECT ANSWER - Obvious
deformity
Profuse bleeding
Pain
Loss of consciousness
Seizure
+ halo sign (cerebrospinal fluid in ear)
Battle sign (bruising on mastoid process, right below the ear, 1-2 days after)
Raccoon eyes (blood pooling from the skull around the eyes, 1-2 days after)
When someone is suspected of having a skull fracture, what are the steps one would take? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Activate EMS
Monitor vital signs
Treat for shock
Be prepared for CPR/rescue breaths
Other:
Look out for epidural bleed and seizure disorder
How does one treat a skull fracture (think after on-field care)? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Basilar- MD management
Depressed- surgical repair
-If the depression is >8-10mm, decrease in brain function, CSF leakage, or open/exposed scalp
,What is the name of the injury where there is bruising of the brain with the formation of a blood
clot between the dura mater and skull? What type of bleed is this? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Epidural hematoma is arterial bleeding between the dura mater and skull
What is the cause/MOI of an epidural hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER - Coup: same
side
-May be associated with a depressed skull fracture
-Not usually countercoup (opposite side)
Coup or countercoup: Bob gets hit in his right shoulder but his left shoulder is the one that is
injured - CORRECT ANSWER - Countercoup
Coup or countercoup: Sabrina gets hit in the right knee and her right knee is injured - CORRECT
ANSWER - Coup
What are signs and symptoms of an epidural hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER - -May
develop quickly since it bleeds faster than venous
-Typical concussion S&S
-Overtime progression of S&S
-Continued bleeding puts pressure on the brain
What are the steps one would take if an athlete is suspected to have an epidural hematoma? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Activate EMS
Monitor vital signs
Treat for shock
CPR/rescue breaths
What is the name of the injury where there is bruising of the brain with the formation of a blood
clot in the subdural space between the dura mater and arachnoid membrane? What type of bleed
is this? - CORRECT ANSWER - Subdural hematoma is bruising and VENOUS bleeding
in the subdural space between the dura mater and arachnoid space
, What is the cause/MOI for a subdural hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER - Countercoup:
opposite side
How is the brain impacted by a subdural hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Swelling
has nowhere to go so it compresses the brain
-Swelling will cause midline of brain to shift to opposite side
-If swelling continues, brain will be forced out of the foramen magnum
What are signs and symptoms of a subdural hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Can
develop quickly if severe or may develop slowly if the damage is minimal because veins bleed
slower than arteries
-Typical concussion S&S
True or false: veins bleed slower than arteries - CORRECT ANSWER - True
True or false: epidural hematoma is an arterial bleed and a subdural hematoma is a venous bleed
- CORRECT ANSWER - True
What is the only way to tell the difference between a concussion and subdural hematoma? -
CORRECT ANSWER - CT Scan
What are the steps one takes when an athlete is suspected of a subdural hematoma? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Activate EMS
Monitor vital signs
Treat for shock
CPR/rescue breaths
*Same as epidural hematoma and skull fracture
Questions And CORRECT Answers
An injury to what body part has good potential to result in permanent disability or death? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Head and neck
True or false: head and neck injuries cannot occur together. - CORRECT ANSWER -
False
Head and neck injuries can occur together
True or false: treat a neck injury as if it was also a head injury until an MD proves otherwise. -
CORRECT ANSWER - True
How are skull fractures classified? List the different classifications of a skull fracture? -
CORRECT ANSWER - They are classified by appearance
Linear: straight line
Ring
Pond
Compound: open
Mosaic
Depressed: fragment of bone depresses from original
What is the most common type of skull fracture? - CORRECT ANSWER - Depressed
What is often times the MOI of a skull fracture? - CORRECT ANSWER - Direct blow or
fall from a height
,What are signs and symptoms of a skull fracture? - CORRECT ANSWER - Obvious
deformity
Profuse bleeding
Pain
Loss of consciousness
Seizure
+ halo sign (cerebrospinal fluid in ear)
Battle sign (bruising on mastoid process, right below the ear, 1-2 days after)
Raccoon eyes (blood pooling from the skull around the eyes, 1-2 days after)
When someone is suspected of having a skull fracture, what are the steps one would take? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Activate EMS
Monitor vital signs
Treat for shock
Be prepared for CPR/rescue breaths
Other:
Look out for epidural bleed and seizure disorder
How does one treat a skull fracture (think after on-field care)? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Basilar- MD management
Depressed- surgical repair
-If the depression is >8-10mm, decrease in brain function, CSF leakage, or open/exposed scalp
,What is the name of the injury where there is bruising of the brain with the formation of a blood
clot between the dura mater and skull? What type of bleed is this? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Epidural hematoma is arterial bleeding between the dura mater and skull
What is the cause/MOI of an epidural hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER - Coup: same
side
-May be associated with a depressed skull fracture
-Not usually countercoup (opposite side)
Coup or countercoup: Bob gets hit in his right shoulder but his left shoulder is the one that is
injured - CORRECT ANSWER - Countercoup
Coup or countercoup: Sabrina gets hit in the right knee and her right knee is injured - CORRECT
ANSWER - Coup
What are signs and symptoms of an epidural hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER - -May
develop quickly since it bleeds faster than venous
-Typical concussion S&S
-Overtime progression of S&S
-Continued bleeding puts pressure on the brain
What are the steps one would take if an athlete is suspected to have an epidural hematoma? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Activate EMS
Monitor vital signs
Treat for shock
CPR/rescue breaths
What is the name of the injury where there is bruising of the brain with the formation of a blood
clot in the subdural space between the dura mater and arachnoid membrane? What type of bleed
is this? - CORRECT ANSWER - Subdural hematoma is bruising and VENOUS bleeding
in the subdural space between the dura mater and arachnoid space
, What is the cause/MOI for a subdural hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER - Countercoup:
opposite side
How is the brain impacted by a subdural hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Swelling
has nowhere to go so it compresses the brain
-Swelling will cause midline of brain to shift to opposite side
-If swelling continues, brain will be forced out of the foramen magnum
What are signs and symptoms of a subdural hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Can
develop quickly if severe or may develop slowly if the damage is minimal because veins bleed
slower than arteries
-Typical concussion S&S
True or false: veins bleed slower than arteries - CORRECT ANSWER - True
True or false: epidural hematoma is an arterial bleed and a subdural hematoma is a venous bleed
- CORRECT ANSWER - True
What is the only way to tell the difference between a concussion and subdural hematoma? -
CORRECT ANSWER - CT Scan
What are the steps one takes when an athlete is suspected of a subdural hematoma? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Activate EMS
Monitor vital signs
Treat for shock
CPR/rescue breaths
*Same as epidural hematoma and skull fracture
