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ANTHRCUL 101 UMICH EXAM 1 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

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ANTHRCUL 101 UMICH EXAM 1 WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS

four fields of anthropology - Answers --sociocultural
-archaeology
-biological
-linguistic

sociocultural anthropology - Answers --study of human society and culture
-cultural similarities and differences
-based on ethnography (long term field work in one community, participant observation)

archaeological anthropology - Answers --reconstructs, describes, interprets human
behavior, history, patterns through material remains
-excavation is a key method
-inference; human behavior reflected in material culture

biological anthropology - Answers --examines human diversity over time and space
-human evolution through fossil record, human genetics, human growth and
development, biological plasticity (how our body changes in response to environmental
stresses), non-human primates evolution and behavior

linguistic anthropology - Answers --language in social and cultural contexts across time
and space (history, use, evolution)
-sociolinguistics- social and linguistics variation (gender, SES), etc.

origins of north american anthropology - Answers --attempts to understand native north
americans
-19th century

ethnography - Answers --long term field work in one community
-participant observation
-immersion into local culture

rapport - Answers --friendly working relationship with people
-good ethnography requires this
-time, sensitivity, self-awareness
-long term investment
-get "close"

malinowski - Answers --functionalism

, -emphasized importance in ethnographic fieldwork

oldowan tools - Answers --world's oldest formally recognized stone tools
-flakes and cores (rocks from where flakes are struck)
-chopper is tool made from core
-simple reduction technology, but key innovation
-flakes most common tool, choppers by-products
-breaking, bashing, dismembering
-A. garhi 2.6a mya Ethiopia, think they were tool-making ancestor, pre-homo, signals
dietary shift
-major cultural innovation that homo erectus expand upon
-by 1 mya all others extinct, homo erectus with tools and culture takes over

acheulean tools - Answers --hand axes were common in this tool kit
-used from homo erectus through homo sapiens

chimps and tool use - Answers --vary regionally
-learned through social transmission
-incipient cultures

boas - Answers --father of four field anthropology
-historical particularism -> histories are unique and not directly comparable, diverse
paths to culture phenomenon

participant observation - Answers --direct, firsthand observation of behavior
-wide ranging; can be minute details uninteresting to those who you study

non-human primate food types - Answers --leaves
-underground storage organs
-gums
-flowers
-fruit
-meat

Culture - Answers --innate human capacity to create and transmit traditions beliefs,
symbols that govern behavior (ex. speech communication)

culture - Answers --variation created by geography, environment, history, economics,
politics, people (ex. tattooing)

characteristics of culture - Answers -way of life, traditions, and customs

modes of culture change - Answers --culture is learned through lessons and observation
and shared/evolves
-diffusion is borrowing though cultural contact
-acculturation is exchange of cultural features after continuous firsthand contact

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