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CSCS Exam Question and answers rated A+ A skeletal _________is made up of many __________, which contain muscle ___________or muscle ____________ that are multinucleated. Each of these contain _____________which are the primary intracellular structure (cylindar shaped) which make up the ________...

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  • November 28, 2024
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CSCS Exam Question and answers rated
A+
A skeletal _________is made up of many __________, which contain muscle
___________or muscle ____________ that are multinucleated. Each of these
contain _____________which are the primary intracellular structure (cylindar
shaped) which make up the _________and contain thick protein filaments
called_______and thin protein filaments called_________. Myosin filament
contains globular heads called____ - correct answer ✔skeletal muscle is
made up of many fascicles, which contain muscle fibers or muscle cells that
are multinucleated. Each of these contain myofibrils which are the primary
intracellular structure (cylindar shaped) which make up the sarcomere and
contain thick protein filaments called myosin and thin protein filaments called
actin. Myosin contains globular heads call cross bridges.


Endomysium=wraps each individual muscle fibre.
Perimysium = wraps fasicles.
Epimysium = wraps the whole muscle.


Average sarcomere size - correct answer ✔2.2 microns


The sarcoplasmic reticulum contains invaginations called_________________
which function to: - correct answer ✔t tubules
allow action potential across surface of cell into the cell or myofibril


Sarcomere arrangment:
I bands=
A bands=
Z line or disc=

,H zone=
M Line= - correct answer ✔I bands= actin, thin filaments
A bands= myosin filaments and part of actin that overlaps (thick)
Z line or disc= connect 1 sarcomere to another
H zone=contains myosin only
M Line=through center of H zone. Contains proteins to hold gother myosin
molecules


16 step sequence of events for muscle contraction to occur. Excitation
contraction/sliding filament theory - correct answer ✔1. m and h gates open
2. Sodium influx into nerve cell
3. Action potential travels along neuronal axon to synaptic bouton
4. Calcium moves through voltage gated channel into synaptic bouton
5. Acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft
6. Acetylcholine binds to acetylcholine receptor
7. Sodium influx into muscle cell
8. Action potential travels along sarcolemma
9. Action potential travels down T tubule
10. Calcium released from lateral sarcoplasmic reticulum
11. Calcium binds to troponin
12. Tropomyosin is moved off the actin binding site
13. Actin & myosin binding occurs, ADP-Pi for cocking of myosin head
14. Actin is slid over myosin, ADP-Pi released during powerstroke
15. ATP binds to myosin head breaking bond between actin and myosin
-hydrolizes to ADP-Pi for repeated process or stay ATP for muscle relaxation
16. Calcium pumped back into lateral sacs

,What 2 things are necessary for myosin cross bridge cycling with actin
filaments? - correct answer ✔Calcium and ATP


How are motor units recruited? - correct answer ✔from smallest to largest
larger motor unit=larger recruitment


type I is recruited first, then type IIa, then type IIx


List the type of contractions that require the greatest maximal tension from
greatest to least. - correct answer ✔eccentric>isometric> concentric
you can lower a weight which you cannot hold, You can hold a weight which
you cannot lift


eccentric contraction produces the greatest maximal tension.


Least ATP needed for eccentric!


What are the 3 types of muscle fibers? - correct answer ✔Type I:slow
twitch--efficient and fatigue resistant. Aerobic energy supply. Limited in force
and quick movement. Low anaerobic power. Postureal muscles. small
diameter


Type IIa: intermediate (qualities of both slow and fast twitch)has greater
oxidative capacity than IIx




Type IIx:fast glycolytic (flight or fright) can convert to IIa

, type IIx: not as efficient, fatiguable.Low aerobic capacity. Lots of quick energy
and power. large diameter-more motor units


How can athletes improve force production? - correct answer ✔1. recruit
large muscle or muscle groups during activity.
2. increase cross sectional area of muscles
3. preload a Mm just before concentric action
preload to improve strength early in ROM
-isokinetic machines do not load the muscle prior to contraction


How do you preload a muscle? - correct answer ✔hold dumbbell in position
before you start to contract the muscle and get it firing.


Machines do not preload muscles.


Function of GTOs (golgi tendon organs) - correct answer ✔proprioceptors in
tendons near myotendinous junction.


activated when tendon is stretched and results in inhibition of motor neuron
that RELAXES the muscle.


Function of spindles. - correct answer ✔proprioceptors in sheath of
connective tissue.


when muscle lengthens, the spindles stretch and results in CONTRACTION.


Sarcopenia: - correct answer ✔reduced muscle size and strength w/ aging or
inactivity.

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