Cancer Biology Midterm
questions 2025-
2026(updated & already
graded A+)
Stomach cancer statistics - answer rates in males have
decreased.
Why? diet (there was no refrigeration in the 20s, they had
to preserve meats in nitrate and salts - nitrate is a
mutagen), no antibiotics at the time (H. pylori)
Lung cancer statistics - answer huge increase in deaths
until the 90s, then decrease. Why? tobacco use (as much
as 1200 mutagens found in cigarettes), increase working
in coal mines. Everet Coop went against congress to
testify against cigarettes and it was regulates.
Colon Cancer stats - 30s and 80s - answer deadly from the
30s - 80s. Why so deadly? Diet, drinking, preservatives.
Why the sudden drop in the 80s? Colonoscopies were
started
Breast Cancer Stats - answer Stable until 90s, then drops.
Why the drop? Mammogram and bronc gene testing,
growing self diagnosis education.
, Mammograms - answer screen test for breast cancer that
has a 80% false positive rate
Death rates of cancer is highest in what group? - answer
Black communities
Highest incidence in each gender - answer Male - prostate,
female - breast
Prostate cancer stats - answer Incidence rate went up in
the 80s-90s. Why? New screening agent called PSA
(prostate specific antigen) was used, a less invasive
screening test.
Patrick Walsh - answer Helped create the PSA test for
prostate cancer, but later questions why 80% of biopsies
that resulted from abnormal PSA tests (0.01-0.8 is normal,
0.8+ is bad). Finds out that sometimes PSA can be high
due to a prostate infection, sexual intercourse the night
before, spicy food.
Nerve-Sparing Prostatectomy - answer If a biopsy came
back positive, a prostatectomy was done to remove the
prostate. Before the new surgery, these surgeries had
95% side affects like impotence and incompetency. The
new surgery spared the nerves around the prostate, and
85-90% of people had no urination problems and 75% had
no impotence.
Current Prostate cancer timeline - answer PSA 3 times, 3
weeks apart. Then a transrectal ultrasound then a biopsy.
questions 2025-
2026(updated & already
graded A+)
Stomach cancer statistics - answer rates in males have
decreased.
Why? diet (there was no refrigeration in the 20s, they had
to preserve meats in nitrate and salts - nitrate is a
mutagen), no antibiotics at the time (H. pylori)
Lung cancer statistics - answer huge increase in deaths
until the 90s, then decrease. Why? tobacco use (as much
as 1200 mutagens found in cigarettes), increase working
in coal mines. Everet Coop went against congress to
testify against cigarettes and it was regulates.
Colon Cancer stats - 30s and 80s - answer deadly from the
30s - 80s. Why so deadly? Diet, drinking, preservatives.
Why the sudden drop in the 80s? Colonoscopies were
started
Breast Cancer Stats - answer Stable until 90s, then drops.
Why the drop? Mammogram and bronc gene testing,
growing self diagnosis education.
, Mammograms - answer screen test for breast cancer that
has a 80% false positive rate
Death rates of cancer is highest in what group? - answer
Black communities
Highest incidence in each gender - answer Male - prostate,
female - breast
Prostate cancer stats - answer Incidence rate went up in
the 80s-90s. Why? New screening agent called PSA
(prostate specific antigen) was used, a less invasive
screening test.
Patrick Walsh - answer Helped create the PSA test for
prostate cancer, but later questions why 80% of biopsies
that resulted from abnormal PSA tests (0.01-0.8 is normal,
0.8+ is bad). Finds out that sometimes PSA can be high
due to a prostate infection, sexual intercourse the night
before, spicy food.
Nerve-Sparing Prostatectomy - answer If a biopsy came
back positive, a prostatectomy was done to remove the
prostate. Before the new surgery, these surgeries had
95% side affects like impotence and incompetency. The
new surgery spared the nerves around the prostate, and
85-90% of people had no urination problems and 75% had
no impotence.
Current Prostate cancer timeline - answer PSA 3 times, 3
weeks apart. Then a transrectal ultrasound then a biopsy.
