BIOC 3021- Exam #3 Questions and
Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+
Catabolism - ✔✔Processes that break down food for energy and building
blocks
-Example: glycolysis
Anabolism - ✔✔Processes that use energy and building blocks to make
molecules we need
-Example: photosynthesis
Sun - ✔✔All life depends on the energy acquired from the _________.
-Light energy is absorbed during photosynthesis, which promotes electrons
to higher energy orbitals (excited state)
-Excited electrons store energy and can transfer it to other molecules in
redox reactions
-Constant influx of energy to resist entropy
Oxidized - ✔✔Food is _______ to collect high energy electrons that are
then used to drive reactions
1
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,Coupled reactions - ✔✔A thermodynamically unfavorable reaction (postive
ΔG) can be made to occur if coupled with a thermodynamically favorable
reaction (negative ΔG)
-Overall negative ΔG
Kinase - ✔✔An enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from one
molecule to another
Coenzyme - ✔✔A low molecular weight organic compound, which in
cooperation with an enzyme, facilitates catalysis of a reaction
-Often have a component that is derived from a vitamin
Vitamin - ✔✔A nutritional requirement since the organism is unable to
biosynthesize an adequate amount for its own use
NAD+ - ✔✔A coenzyme that collects electrons released during catabolism;
is reduced to NADH
-Form of stored chemical energy (electron carrier)
-Provides energy upon oxidation that drives synthesis of ATP
Niacin - ✔✔Vitamin component of NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) - ✔✔
2 - ✔✔The reduction of NAD+ to NADH involves _____ the transfer of
________ electrons.
2
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, FAD - ✔✔An electron carrier that is reduced to FADH2
Glycolysis - ✔✔The first step in the process of oxidizing glucose to get
energy from the molecule; most common pathway to harvest energy
-Reactants: 1 molecule of glucose, 2 ATP
-Products: 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP (2 net), 2 NADH
Glucose - ✔✔The main fuel for human bodies; contains a lot of reduced
carbon
Facilitated diffusion - ✔✔Glucose enters into cells through three pathways:
1) diffusion, 2) __________ and 3) active transport
-The 2nd pathway listed uses the transport protein Glut-1
Investment phase - ✔✔The first phase of glycolysis (Reactions 1-5); breaks
glucose into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
-Requires the spending of two ATP molecules (increasing free energy of
glucose)
Payoff phase - ✔✔The second phase of glycolysis (Reactions 6-10);
convert the two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into two pyruvate molecules
-Generates four ATP molecules
Hexokinase - ✔✔The enzyme required to catalyze the first reaction of
glycolysis
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+
Catabolism - ✔✔Processes that break down food for energy and building
blocks
-Example: glycolysis
Anabolism - ✔✔Processes that use energy and building blocks to make
molecules we need
-Example: photosynthesis
Sun - ✔✔All life depends on the energy acquired from the _________.
-Light energy is absorbed during photosynthesis, which promotes electrons
to higher energy orbitals (excited state)
-Excited electrons store energy and can transfer it to other molecules in
redox reactions
-Constant influx of energy to resist entropy
Oxidized - ✔✔Food is _______ to collect high energy electrons that are
then used to drive reactions
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Coupled reactions - ✔✔A thermodynamically unfavorable reaction (postive
ΔG) can be made to occur if coupled with a thermodynamically favorable
reaction (negative ΔG)
-Overall negative ΔG
Kinase - ✔✔An enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from one
molecule to another
Coenzyme - ✔✔A low molecular weight organic compound, which in
cooperation with an enzyme, facilitates catalysis of a reaction
-Often have a component that is derived from a vitamin
Vitamin - ✔✔A nutritional requirement since the organism is unable to
biosynthesize an adequate amount for its own use
NAD+ - ✔✔A coenzyme that collects electrons released during catabolism;
is reduced to NADH
-Form of stored chemical energy (electron carrier)
-Provides energy upon oxidation that drives synthesis of ATP
Niacin - ✔✔Vitamin component of NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) - ✔✔
2 - ✔✔The reduction of NAD+ to NADH involves _____ the transfer of
________ electrons.
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, FAD - ✔✔An electron carrier that is reduced to FADH2
Glycolysis - ✔✔The first step in the process of oxidizing glucose to get
energy from the molecule; most common pathway to harvest energy
-Reactants: 1 molecule of glucose, 2 ATP
-Products: 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP (2 net), 2 NADH
Glucose - ✔✔The main fuel for human bodies; contains a lot of reduced
carbon
Facilitated diffusion - ✔✔Glucose enters into cells through three pathways:
1) diffusion, 2) __________ and 3) active transport
-The 2nd pathway listed uses the transport protein Glut-1
Investment phase - ✔✔The first phase of glycolysis (Reactions 1-5); breaks
glucose into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
-Requires the spending of two ATP molecules (increasing free energy of
glucose)
Payoff phase - ✔✔The second phase of glycolysis (Reactions 6-10);
convert the two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into two pyruvate molecules
-Generates four ATP molecules
Hexokinase - ✔✔The enzyme required to catalyze the first reaction of
glycolysis
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
