1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
,1. Which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible
for the renal clearance of drugs?
- A) Reabsorption
- B) Filtration
- C) Secretion
- D) Both B and C
- ANS : D) Both B and C
Rationale : Renal clearance involves both glomerular
filtration and active tubular secretion.
,3. What is the primary function of cytochrome P450 enzymes?
- A) Drug excretion
- B) Drug metabolism
- C) Drug absorption
- D) Drug synthesis
- ANS : B) Drug metabolism
Rationale : Cytochrome P450 enzymes are crucial for the
oxidative metabolism of many drugs.
4. Which pharmacokinetic parameter describes the time taken to
reach half of the maximum concentration of a drug in the body?
- A) Volume of distribution
- B) Half-life
- C) Clearance
- D) Bioavailability
- ANS : B) Half-life
Rationale : Half-life is the time required for the concentration
of the drug to reduce to half its initial value.
5. Which of the following factors can affect drug bioavailability?
, - A) First-pass metabolism
- B) Route of administration
- C) Solubility of the drug
- D) All of the above
- ANS : D) All of the above
Rationale : Each of these factors can significantly influence
the bioavailability of a drug.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The _______ of a drug is defined as its concentration in the
blood or plasma over time.
- ANS : pharmacokinetics
Rationale : Pharmacokinetics studies the time course of drug
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
7. The term _______ refers to the study of how genetic
variations affect drug response and metabolism.
- ANS : pharmacogenomics
Rationale : Pharmacogenomics examines how genetic factors
influence individual responses to drugs.
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