Biochemistry 4300 - Carbohydrate Metabolism Glycolysis and Anaerobic Metabolism
(BIOCHEM 4300) With Complete Solutions
name the metabolic pathway associated with energy production:
protein, carbohydrates, and proteins undergo oxidation (breakdown in the presence of
oxygen), primarily through pathways like glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative
phosphorylation, which convert their chemical energy into ATP.
what are the locations of the metabolic pathways?
cytosol and mitochondrial matrix
these metabolic pathways occur in the cytosol:
glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid synthesis
these metabolic pathways occur in the mitochondrial matrix:
citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, b-oxidation of fatty acids, ketone body
formation
these metabolic pathways are in an interplay of both the cytosol and mitochondrial
matrix:
gluconeogenesis and urea synthesis
the breaking down of materials (catabolism) takes place in the:
mitochondria
the synthesis of materials (anabolism) takes place in the:
cytoplasm
,may be monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. aldehyde or ketone
compounds with multiple -OH groups.
carbohydrates
energy stores, fuels, and metabolic intermediates
ribose and deoxyribose sugars for nucleic acids
structural elements in cell walls of bacteria and plants
linked to many proteins and lipids
cell surface to play role in cell-cell recognition
carbohydrates
glucose, fructose, galactose
monosaccharides
sucrose, lactose, maltose
disaccharides
raffinose, stachyose
oligosaccharides
starch, glycogen, cellulose
polysaccharides
organic molecules consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), typically with
the general formula (CH2O)n, where "n" is the number of carbon atoms.
carbohydrates
if the carbonyl group (C=O) is at the end of the carbon chain, the carbohydrate is a(n):
,aldose
if the carbonyl group is within the carbon chain (not at the end), the carbohydrate is
a(n):
ketone
glucose is a(n) ______________ because it has an aldehyde group at the first carbon atom
(C1) along with multiple -OH groups.
aldose
fructose is a(n) ______________ because it has a ketone group at the second carbon atom
(C2) along with multiple -OH groups.
ketose
an aldohexose (6-carbon sugar with an aldehyde group) and the primary energy source
for cells.
glucose
a ketohexose (6-carbon sugar with a ketone group), found in fruits and honey.
fructose
name the enzyme
addition of a carboxylate
carboxylase
name the enzyme
removal of carbon dioxide
, decarboxylase
name the enzyme
removal of two hydrogen atoms
dehydrogenase
3 multiple choice options
name the enzyme
isomerization of one isomer to another
isomerase
3 multiple choice options
name the enzyme
transfer of a phosphate
kinase
3 multiple choice options
steps 1-5 of glycolysis are known as:
energy investment phase
3 multiple choice options
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